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Ah Louis

(Redirected from On Wong)

On Wong (Chinese: 黃安; pinyin: Huáng Ān; Cantonese Yale: Wong On; 1840 – December 16, 1936), more commonly known as Ah Louis, was a Chinese American banker, labor contractor, farmer, and shopkeeper in San Luis Obispo, California, during the late 19th and early 20th century. His Ah Louis Store building is on the National Register of Historic Places. Ah Louis was a central figure in the development of the Central Coast of California, serving as an organizer of Chinese laborers during the construction of the Pacific Coast Railway's Avila—Port Harford spur and the tunnels through Cuesta Grade over the Santa Lucia Range.

Ah Louis
Born1840
DiedDecember 16, 1936
NationalityChinese
Occupation(s)Banker, labor contractor, farmer, and shopkeeper
Ah Louis, 1894

History

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Ah Louis Store
 
Ah Louis Store
Location800 Palm Street
San Luis Obispo, California
Built1885

Ah Louis traveled from his home in Guangdong Province, (today's) Greater Taishan Region, China,[1] and arrived in California between 1856 and 1861 in order to strike it rich during the California Gold Rush. Unsuccessful at mining, he became a laborer working in Corvallis, Oregon, and farther south.

Ah settled in San Luis Obispo, California, in 1870, and was working as a cook in a hotel there in 1871. Soon he began to organize work crews to help construct the Pacific Coast Railroad, delivering 160 Chinese Americans from San Francisco by schooner.[2] In 1877, Ah Louis was awarded two large road construction contracts, including a road from Paso Robles, California, to Cambria, California (now the westernmost portion of State Route 46) and the first stages of a road connecting San Luis Obispo to Paso Robles (now referred to as Cuesta Grade, a portion of which is still driveable and is labeled off the freeway as "Old Stagecoach Road" and a portion of U.S. Route 101). In 1884, Ah received the contract to construct the four Cuesta Grade tunnels for the Southern Pacific Railroad's coast route, requiring the provision of 2,000 laborers and taking ten years to complete.

Store

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Seeing a need for the California Central Coast's Chinese community, Ah opened a small East Asian mercantile in 1874, the first in San Luis Obispo County, from which he sold goods, including rice, rum, and opium (the use of opium was legal until 1915).[3] The wooden structure was replaced by a sturdy brick building in 1885, made from bricks from his own brickyard, at 800 Palm Street on the corner of Chorro Street in downtown San Luis Obispo, marking where the city's Chinatown once stood. The ground floor is now operated as a retail store.

The Ah Louis store has been designated as California State Historical Landmark number 802[4] and is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[5]

Family

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Ah Louis married his first wife in China in 1860.[6] She was in California in 1868, but returned to China about 1873. Ah last saw her in China in 1888.[6] The 1880 census shows a wife living with him, but no children are shown.[7] In May 1889, Ah Louis married Eng Gon Ying (Silver Dove) in San Francisco. Together they raised their eight children (five sons and three daughters) in their residence above the Ah Louis Store.[8]

In 1909 Eng Gon Ying Louis was murdered by Willie Louis, Ah Louis's son from his first marriage.[6][9] In December 1932, accompanied by sons Fred and Howard,[10] Ah Louis returned to China, intending to visit family and to follow the tradition of dying where one was born. Disappointed with the lack of progress and modern technology and the high rate of banditry, Ah decided to return to San Luis Obispo. He died on December 16, 1936.[3]

The youngest and last surviving of Ah Louis's children, Howard W. Louis, who had a degree in economics and fought in World War II with Gen. George S. Patton, Jr.,[3] continued to run the store until the late 1990s and died on August 15, 2008, at the age of 100.[11] The store was damaged by the 2003 San Simeon earthquake and afterwards condemned by the City of San Luis Obispo. Around this time, the store was acquired by Ah Louis's great-grandson, William J. Watson, M.D.,[12][13] who restored the building and its interior. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Wong, H[enry]. K[wock]. 1987. Gum Sahn Yun/Gold Mountain Men. San Francisco: Fong Brothers Printing. Pp. 4 & 42.
  2. ^ "National Park Service, "An Ethnic Historic Site Survey for California (Chinese Americans): Ah Louis Store". Retrieved 2013-08-05.
  3. ^ a b c Daniel Blackburn (2003-01-16). "Chinese remembered: Ah Louis left a huge imprint on San Luis Obispo's formative years". (or " 'Ah Louis', 19th Century Chinese American from Corvallis, Oregon"). Archived from the original on 2008-11-22. Retrieved 2016-04-02.
  4. ^ "Ah Louis Store". Office of Historic Preservation, California State Parks. Retrieved 2013-08-05.
  5. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  6. ^ a b c Judy Hendricks (2008). "The Murder of Gon Yin Louis". Heritage Shared (with excerpts from The Times of SLO). Archived from the original on 2013-02-02. Retrieved 2013-08-05. Willie Louis was born about 1868. He testified in court he was born in California, that he went back to China with his mother about 1873, that he returned to California about 1893, that he made several trips back and forth, and that his latest arrival was about 1905. He was executed at San Quentin Prison in 1912.
  7. ^ "Louis household in 1880 US Census". FamilySearch. Archived from the original on 2011-06-07. Retrieved 2016-10-07.
  8. ^ "A History of Chinese Americans in California: Ah Louis Store". Archived from the original on 2012-10-23. Retrieved 2013-08-05.
  9. ^ Jeffry Radding (2009). "A Vital Determination" (PDF). Bar Bulletin. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-25. Retrieved 2013-08-05. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  10. ^ "1934 Interview with Ah Louis for Westways Magazine". Retrieved 2013-08-05.
  11. ^ "Obituary:Howard W. Louis". Zirana/San Luis Obispo. 2008. Archived from the original on 2012-03-25. Retrieved 2013-08-05.
  12. ^ "National Register of Historic Places: Registration Form" (PDF). 2008. Retrieved 2013-08-05.
  13. ^ "SLO City Resolution for Historic Preservation" (PDF). 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-13. Retrieved 2013-08-05.
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