Battle of Livno

Operation Ziethen
	Part of World War II in Yugoslavia
Date	4–6 December 1943
Location	Livno
Result	Axis victory
Belligerents
<img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> Nazi Germany; <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> Independent State of Croatia	<img alt="Democratic Federal Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"> Yugoslav partisans

Battle of Livno
	Part of World War II in Yugoslavia
Date	5–15 December 1942
Location	Livno
Result	Ustaše withdrawal, Partisans take Livno
Belligerents
<img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> Independent State of Croatia; 5th Ustaše Brigade	<img alt="Democratic Federal Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"> Yugoslav partisans; 2nd Proletarian Division
Commanders and leaders
	Rafael Boban
Strength
1,200 soldiers	3,000 soldiers

Operation Beta
	Part of World War II in Yugoslavia
Date	21 – 23 October 1942
Location	Livno
Result	Partisans withdraw, Axis takes Livno
Belligerents
Italy; Independent State of Croatia	Yugoslav partisans

The Battle of Livno is the name of several battles fought over the town of Livno during World War II, which changed hands between the Independent State of Croatia and Partisan forces several times.

Operation Beta

Operation Beta followed on the heels of Operation Alfa in which Italian forces retook Prozor from the Partisans. Ten Italian battalions and two Ustaše battalions took the city from the Partisans with neither side suffering many casualties.^[1]

Battle for Livno (late 1942)

The defence of the city was led by Rafael Boban and elements of his Black Legion. The battle resulted in Boban's forces retreating from Livno. Approximately 100 Croatian soldiers and 74 Partisan soldiers were killed in the battle.^[2]

Operation Ziethen

Operation Ziethen was a German-Croatian military operation which sought to reestablish control over the Livno–Šuica–Duvno area.^[3] The entire operation was a great success for the Axis forces. A mass grave containing over 1,000 bodies of people executed by the Partisans was subsequently discovered near Livno. The success of the operation resulted in over 1,000 volunteers from the area to join the Croatian forces.^[3]

Notes

^ Anti-Partisan Operations in Croatia: Operation "Beta" (1942-10-21)
^ “Livno mora pasti”: borbe dijelova V. ustaškog stajaćeg zdruga s II. proleterskom divizijom za Livno u prosincu 1942. godine (p. 965)
^ ^a ^b Anti-Partisan Operations in Croatia: Operation "Ziethen" (1943-12-04)

References

Marijan, Davor, “Livno mora pasti”: borbe dijelova V. ustaškog stajaćeg zdruga s II. proleterskom divizijom za Livno u prosincu 1942. godine, Croatian Institute of History, 2008.

43°50′N 17°04′E / 43.833°N 17.067°E / 43.833; 17.067

[1] Anti-Partisan Operations in Croatia: Operation "Beta" (1942-10-21)

[2] “Livno mora pasti”: borbe dijelova V. ustaškog stajaćeg zdruga s II. proleterskom divizijom za Livno u prosincu 1942. godine (p. 965)

[axishistory-3] Anti-Partisan Operations in Croatia: Operation "Ziethen" (1943-12-04)

[1]

[2]

[3]