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Order of the Patriotic War

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The Order of the Patriotic War (Russian: Орден Отечественной войны, romanized: Orden Otechestvennoy voiny) is a Soviet military decoration that was awarded to all soldiers in the Soviet armed forces, security troops, and to partisans for heroic deeds in the Eastern Front of World War II, known as the Great Patriotic War in the USSR and some post-Soviet states.

Order of the Patriotic War
The Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class (obverse left, reverse right)
TypeTwo-grade order
Awarded forHeroic deeds during the Great Patriotic War, later awarded to all surviving veterans of the war.
Presented by Soviet Union
EligibilitySoldiers in the Soviet armed forces, security troops, partisans, and allied personnel.
StatusNo longer awarded
Established20 May 1942
Last awarded1985 to surviving veterans of the war
Total1,370,000 during the war
9,175,595 following 1985 awards
US-sized ribbon of the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class
US-sized ribbon of the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd class
Precedence
Next (higher)Order of the Red Star
Next (lower)Order of Alexander Nevsky
Order of the Patriotic War depicted on a 1943 postage stamp

History

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The Order was established on 20 May 1942[1] and came in first class and second class depending upon the merit of the deed. It was the first Soviet order established during the war, and the first Soviet order divided into classes.[2] Its statute precisely defined, which deeds are awarded with the order, e.g. shooting down three aircraft as a fighter pilot, or destroying two heavy or three medium or four light tanks, or capturing a warship, or repairing an aircraft under fire after landing on a hostile territory, and so on, were awarded with the first class. It was also given to some allied troops and commanders, including western allies. All together, over 324,903 of the 1st class and 951,652 of the 2nd class were issued during the war. Until 1985, the total number reached about 1,370,000.[3]

In 1985, during the celebration of the 40th anniversary of Victory Day, it was decided that all surviving veterans of the war would be awarded either 2nd or 1st class of the Order, and about 2,054,000 first class and 5,408,000 second class were issued then.[3]

As of January 1992, the total number of all awarded Orders was 2,487,098 first class and 6,688,497 second class variants.[3]

Design

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It featured a red enamel five-pointed star, made of silver, with straight rays in the background, and crossed sabre and a Mosin rifle. The rays in the background were golden for 1st Class and silver for 2nd Class. The central disc had a golden hammer and sickle on a red enamel background, surrounded by a white enamel ring with the words ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННАЯ ВОЙНА ("Patriotic War"). Originally the Order was attached to a plain red ribbon much like the Gold Star award, but from June 1943 the Order was to be worn on the right chest without ribbon; on less formal occasions a ribbon bar, dark red with a bright red central stripe for the 1st Class, or dark red with bright red edge stripes for the 2nd Class, may be worn instead.[3]

Anniversary orders of 1985 were made cheaper, as a single silver piece, gold-plated in the 1st class.[3]

First Class Second Class
   
Ribbon
   

References

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  1. ^ Loza, Dmitri? Fedorovich (1 January 1998). Fighting for the Soviet Motherland: Recollections from the Eastern Front Hero of the Soviet Union. U of Nebraska Press. p. 239. ISBN 978-0-8032-2929-7.
  2. ^ "Order of the Patriotic War was established". Boris Yeltsin Order of the Patriotic War was established. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d e Description of the order (in Russian)
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