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Dean Ornish

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Dean Michael Ornish (born July 16, 1953) is an American physician and researcher. He is the president and founder of the nonprofit Preventive Medicine Research Institute in Sausalito, California, and a Clinical Professor of Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco. The author of Dr. Dean Ornish's Program for Reversing Heart Disease, Eat More, Weigh Less and The Spectrum, he advocates for diet and lifestyle changes he believes can treat and prevent heart disease.[1][2][3]

Dean Ornish
Born (1953-07-16) July 16, 1953 (age 71)
Dallas, Texas, U.S.
Education
Occupations
Years active1984–present
Known forDr. Dean Ornish's Program for Reversing Heart Disease
Eat More, Weigh Less
The Spectrum'[1]
Medical career
ProfessionMedical doctor, health advocate
Websitewww.deanornish.com

Personal life

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Ornish, a native of Dallas, Texas, is a graduate of Dallas's Hillcrest High School. He is of Jewish heritage.[4] He holds a Bachelor of Arts summa cum laude in Humanities from the University of Texas at Austin, where he gave the baccalaureate address. He earned his MD from the Baylor College of Medicine, completed a medical internship and residency at Massachusetts General Hospital (1981–1984),[5] and was a Clinical Fellow in Medicine at Harvard Medical School.

Career

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Ornish takes a lifestyle-driven approach to the control of coronary artery disease (CAD) and other chronic diseases. He promotes lifestyle changes including a quasi whole foods, plant-based diet,[6] smoking cessation, moderate exercise, stress management techniques including yoga and meditation, and psychosocial support.[3][1] While Ornish promotes a Plant-based diet, he does not advocate for a strictly vegan diet as his program allows for the occasional consumption of other animal products.[7]

His interest in vegetarian diets began as a college student when he first met Indian yoga guru and religious teacher Swami Satchidananda Saraswati.[8][9] Satchidananda advocated a vegetarian diet for its health, ecological, and spiritual benefits.[10] He established the first vegetarian health food store in New York City, in 1972.[11] Satchidananda inspired Ornish's dietary research.[12] In 1986, Ornish wrote the foreword of Satchidananda's vegetarian cookbook, The Healthy Vegetarian.[13] Ornish's interactions with Satchidananda eventually led to decades of research beginning in the 1980s on the impact of diet and stress levels on people with heart disease. This research, published in peer-reviewed journals, became the basis of his "Program for Reversing Heart Disease". It combined diet, meditation, exercise and support groups, and in 1993 became the first non-surgical, non-pharmaceutical therapy for heart disease to qualify for insurance reimbursement.[14] With the exception of chiropractic care, it was the first alternative medical technique, not taught in traditional medical-school curricula, to gain approval by a major insurance carrier.[2][15]

Ornish worked with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services for 16 years to create a new coverage category called intensive cardiac rehabilitation (ICR), which focuses on comprehensive lifestyle changes. In 2010, Medicare began to reimburse costs for Ornish's Program for Reversing Heart Disease, a 72-hour ICR for people who have had heart attacks, chest pain, heart valve repair, coronary artery bypass, heart or lung bypass, or coronary angioplasty or stenting. In addition to the Ornish program, Medicare and Medicaid pay for ICR programs created by the Pritikin Longevity Center and by the Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital.[1][16]

Ornish has been a physician consultant to former President Bill Clinton since 1993, when he was asked by Hillary Clinton to consult with the chefs at The White House, Camp David, and Air Force One. In 2010, after the former President's cardiac bypass grafts became clogged, Clinton, encouraged by Ornish, followed a mostly plant-based diet.[17]

In 2011, Barack Obama appointed Ornish to the Advisory Group on Prevention, Health Promotion, and Integrative and Public Health.[18]

Diet

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Ornish has promoted a diet known as the "Ornish diet" to prevent and reverse heart disease. The Ornish diet is lacto-ovo vegetarian as it includes non-fat dairy products and egg whites in moderation.[19][20] On the Ornish diet all meat, fish, poultry, fat dairy products, coconuts, margarine, nuts, seeds, avocados, olives, and cooking oils (apart from canola oil) are forbidden.[19] The diet is very low in fat with 10 percent of fat from total calories and low in cholesterol. The Ornish diet emphasizes consumption of fruits, legumes, vegetables and whole grains.[20] The diet also recommends the use of fish oil supplements.[20] The Ornish diet is part of Ornish's Program for Reversing Heart Disease which also includes exercise, meditation, stress reduction and yoga.[19]

The Ornish diet has been authorized as a cardiac rehabilitation program by Medicare.[20][21]

Critics have stated that Ornish has not provided sufficient clinical evidence to support his claims and his studies have not been replicated.[19][22] Nutritionists have described the Ornish diet as a high-carbohydrate low-fat fad diet.[23][24] The Ornish diet can lower blood cholesterol but a criticism is that it restricts fish, nuts and olive oil which may protect against heart disease.[24]

Nutritionist Fredrick J. Stare commented that the Ornish diet is too low in fat for most people to follow and it may result in deficiencies of essential fatty acids.[25] Stare noted that although the diet has been shown to stop the progression of arterial blockage in persons with cardiac disease, the diet is unbalanced and too extreme for most people to stick with long-term.[25] Because of the restricted nature of the Ornish diet it has a high discontinuation rate; the American Heart Association and the U.S. Department of Health have not recommended the diet.[26]

In 2008, The Gale Encyclopedia of Diets noted potential risks of the Ornish diet:

Dr. Ornish’s diet is very low in fat and limits meat and animal product intake to little or none. Many important vitamins and minerals such as zinc and vitamin B12 are acquired from these sources in a normal diet. Without these sources there is a significant possibility of deficiency. Also, because of the very low fat allowance of the diet there is some concern that people on this diet may not get enough vitamin E, which is found mainly in nuts and oil. These are too high in fat to be eaten regularly while on this diet. Dr. Ornish often recommends taking supplements while following his diet, and taking a complete multivitamin may help reduce the risk of a deficiency. Multivitamins and supplements however have their own risks, especially for pregnant or breastfeeding women and individuals with medical issues such as renal disease.[27]

In March 2015, The New York Times published "The Myth of High-Protein Diets", an article by Ornish critical of diets high in animal fats and proteins.[28] Science and health writer Melinda Wenner Moyer responded to Ornish in Scientific American; in it, she criticized Ornish's research and dietary recommendations, saying he used what she considered to be misleading statistics. Her article elicited a lengthy response from Ornish, who defended his position by citing a number of research studies, saying that she was mistaken regarding the statistics he had cited, and identifying serious flaws in the studies she said conflicted with his claims. In reply, Moyer wrote another article critical of Ornish's arguments, concluding: "Ornish's diet would probably be an improvement on the current American diet—if people could actually follow it long-term. But his claims about the dangers of saturated fat and red meat go beyond the science and in some cases contradict it."[29]

Bibliography

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  • Dr. Dean Ornish's Program for Reversing Heart Disease New York: Random House, 1990; Ballantine Books, 1992. ISBN 978-0804110389
  • Eat More, Weigh Less New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1993, ISBN 978-0060170189
  • Everyday Cooking with Dr. Dean Ornish New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1996, ISBN 978-0060173142
  • Love & Survival: The Scientific Basis for the Healing Power of Intimacy New York: HarperCollins, 1998.ISBN 978-0060930202
  • The Spectrum New York: Ballantine Books, 2008. ISBN 978-0345496317
  • UnDo It! with Anne Ornish. New York: Ballantine Books, 2019. ISBN 9780525479970

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Levingston, Suzanne Allard (June 16, 2014). "Dean Ornish talks about cheeseburgers and yoga, and what they mean for heart health". The Washington Post. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  2. ^ a b O'Neill, Molly (July 28, 1993). "Unusual Heart Therapy Wins Coverage From Large Insurer". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  3. ^ a b Guthrie, Julie (June 27, 2010). "Holistic healing is this doctor's best medicine". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  4. ^ Eskenaiz (2001). "Dean Ornish says faith can boost health". The Jewish News of Northern California.
  5. ^ Arias, Ron (June 15, 1995). "Dean Ornish". People. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  6. ^ Philip J Tuso, MD; Mohamed H Ismail, MD; Benjamin P Ha, MD; Carole Bartolotto, MA, RD. "Nutritional Update for Physicians: Plant-Based Diets." The Permanente Journal (Kaiser Permanente). 2013 Spring; 17(2):61–66.
  7. ^ Caldwell Esselstyn and Dean Ornish Explain Healthy Way for Bill Clinton's Dramatic Weight Loss. CNN. September 22, 2010.
  8. ^ Miller, Timothy. (1995). America's Alternative Religions. State University of New York Press. p. 201. ISBN 9781438413112
  9. ^ The Story Linking Nutrition and Health has Unexpected Twists
  10. ^ "Questions and Answers with Swami Satchidananda: Yoga and Diet". integralyogamagazine.org. Retrieved 12 March 2023.
  11. ^ Anon (6 January 2019). "Integral Yoga Natural Foods Closes Doors After 45 Years".
  12. ^ Miller, Timothy. (1995). America's Alternative Religions. State University of New York Press. p. 201. ISBN 9781438413112
  13. ^ Shurtleff, William; Aoyagi, Akiko. (2022). History of Vegetarianism and Veganism Worldwide (1970-2022): Extensively Annotated Bibliography and Sourcebook. Soyinfo Center. p. 435. ISBN 978-1948436748
  14. ^ Hudson, William (February 27, 2012). "Medicare covers yoga for heart disease". CNN. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  15. ^ Moaven Razavi, Stephen Fournier, Donald S. Shepard,* Grant Ritter, Gail K. Strickler, and William B. Stason (December 9, 2014). "Effects of Lifestyle Modification Programs on Cardiac Risk Factors". PLOS ONE. 9 (12): e114772. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k4772R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114772. PMC 4260956. PMID 25490202.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ "Decision Memo for Intensive Cardiac Rehabilitation (ICR) Program - Dr. Ornish's Program for Reversing Heart Disease (CAG-00419N)". cms.gov. Center for Mediicaid and Medicare Services. May 14, 2010. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  17. ^ Sherwell, Philip. "Bill Clinton's new diet: nothing but beans, vegetables and fruit to combat heart disease", The Daily Telegraph, October 3, 2010.
  18. ^ "President Obama Announces More Key Administration Posts". obamawhitehouse.archive. The White House. 2 November 2011. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  19. ^ a b c d "Ornish Diet". Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine. Retrieved December 18 2021.
  20. ^ a b c d Wilkinson, Michael J; Garshick, Michael S; Taub, Pam R. (2021). Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease Nutritional and Dietary Approaches. Springer. p. 105. ISBN 978-3030781774
  21. ^ "Intensive Cardiac Rehabilitation (ICR) Program - Dr. Ornish's Program for Reversing Heart Disease". Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.
  22. ^ "Bill Clinton’s Diet". Science-Based Medicine. Retrieved December 18 2021.
  23. ^ Ayers, Suzan F; Sariscsany, Mary Jo. (2011). Physical Education for Lifelong Fitness: The Physical Best Teacher's Guide. National Association for Sport and Physical Education. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-7360-8116-0
  24. ^ a b Rolfes, Sharon Rady; Pinna, Kathryn; Whitney, Ellie. (2014). Understanding Normal and Clinical Nutrition. Cengage Learning. p. 293. ISBN 9781305156111
  25. ^ a b Stare, Fredrick John; Whelan, Elizabeth M. (1998). Fad-Free Nutrition. Hunter House Inc. pp. 201-202. ISBN 0-89793-237-4
  26. ^ Wong, Nathan; Amsterdam, Ezra. (2014). ASPC Manual of Preventive Cardiology. Springer. p. 196. ISBN 978-1936287864
  27. ^ Davidson, Helen (2008). "Dean Ornish's Eat More, Weigh Less". In Longe, Jacqueline L. (ed.). The Gale Encyclopedia of Diets: A Guide to Health and Nutrition. Vol. I. The Gale Group. pp. 252–255. ISBN 978-1-4144-2991-5.
  28. ^ Ornish, Dean (March 23, 2015). "The Myth of High-Protein Diets". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  29. ^ Wenner Moyer, Melinda; Ornish, Dean (June 1, 2015). "Why Almost Everything Dean Ornish Says about Nutrition Is Wrong. UPDATED: With Dean Ornish's Response". Scientific American. Retrieved 7 Aug 2015.
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