Paraparaumu (Māori: [ˈpaɾapaˈɾaʉmʉ])[3] is a town in the south-western North Island of New Zealand. It lies on the Kāpiti Coast, 55 kilometres (34 mi) north of the nation's capital city, Wellington. It is also known to residents as Pram or Paraparam.
Paraparaumu | |
|---|---|
Town | |
 | |
| Coordinates: 40°54′52″S 175°00′20″E / 40.91444°S 175.00556°E | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Region | Wellington Region |
| Territorial authority | Kāpiti Coast District |
| Ward |
|
| Community |
|
| Electorates | |
| Government | |
| • Territorial Authority | Kāpiti Coast District Council |
| • Regional council | Greater Wellington Regional Council |
| • Kāpiti Coast Mayor | Janet Holborow |
| • Ōtaki MP/Mana MP | Tim Costley/Barbara Edmonds |
| • Te Tai Hauāuru MP | Debbie Ngarewa-Packer |
| Area | |
| • Total | 28.38 km2 (10.96 sq mi) |
| Population (June 2024)[2] | |
| • Total | 30,300 |
| • Density | 1,100/km2 (2,800/sq mi) |
| Postcode(s) | 5032 |
| Area code | 04 |
Like other towns in the area, it has a partner settlement at the coast called Paraparaumu Beach, which is directly opposite Kapiti Island. The two towns form part of the Kāpiti Coast District. Together with the nearby Raumati Beach and Raumati South they are among the fastest-growing urban areas in New Zealand, and are major dormitory towns with workers commuting to the cities that make up the Wellington urban area. The four towns between them have a 2012 population of over 49,000 people.[4] Inland behind Paraparaumu is the Maungakotukutuku area.
Paraparaumu is a Māori-language name meaning "scraps from an earth oven"; parapara means "dirt" or "scraps", and umu means "oven".[5]
The village of Lindale is just north of the Paraparaumu town centre. It began as a Tourist and Agricultural Centre, but later gained a reputation for cheese and the Lindale Barnyard petting farm.[6][7][8]
The old State Highway 1 and the Kapiti Line section of the North Island Main Trunk railway both pass through Lindale. The railway line was formerly owned by the Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company, and construction of the line was completed when the ends from Wellington and Longburn (Palmerston North) met near Lindale in Otaihanga in 1886. There were proposals to extend the commuter train service operated by Transdev Wellington to a new station at Lindale, subject to Wellington Regional Council funding, but these were dropped when electrification for the commuter service was extended from Paraparaumu to Waikanae.[9]
The majority of shops are located close to the town centre in the Coastlands Mall, close to the train station.
Name and etymology
edit"Parapara" refers in Māori to food waste, and "umu" is ovens that they are cooked in.[10][5] The name Paraparaumu comes from an 1819–1820 expedition of Ngāpuhi and Ngāti Toa, who on the west coast of the North Island from Kāwhia to Cook Strait. As they arrived in the Kāpiti Coast, they found no useful resources.[10]
Paraparaumu is sometimes known by the names "Pram", "Paraparam" or "Pram-Pram".[10]
History
editIn August 1936 a train derailed in Paraparaumu as it approached a land slide in rainy weather.[11]
Climate
editParaparaumu has an oceanic climate typical of New Zealand, with moderately warm summers and mild winters. It has a quite high rainfall frequency year round, although it is drier than many other coastal areas in the country.
| Climate data for Paraparaumu (Kapiti Coast Airport) (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1953–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 29.0 (84.2) |
30.0 (86.0) |
30.0 (86.0) |
26.3 (79.3) |
23.2 (73.8) |
20.0 (68.0) |
19.2 (66.6) |
21.0 (69.8) |
21.8 (71.2) |
25.6 (78.1) |
26.2 (79.2) |
29.3 (84.7) |
30.0 (86.0) |
| Mean maximum °C (°F) | 25.3 (77.5) |
25.3 (77.5) |
24.5 (76.1) |
21.7 (71.1) |
19.3 (66.7) |
17.3 (63.1) |
16.0 (60.8) |
16.5 (61.7) |
17.9 (64.2) |
19.4 (66.9) |
21.3 (70.3) |
23.9 (75.0) |
26.5 (79.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 21.3 (70.3) |
21.7 (71.1) |
20.3 (68.5) |
17.9 (64.2) |
15.9 (60.6) |
13.7 (56.7) |
12.9 (55.2) |
13.5 (56.3) |
14.7 (58.5) |
16.0 (60.8) |
17.6 (63.7) |
19.7 (67.5) |
17.1 (62.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 17.4 (63.3) |
17.6 (63.7) |
16.1 (61.0) |
13.8 (56.8) |
12.0 (53.6) |
9.9 (49.8) |
9.0 (48.2) |
9.6 (49.3) |
11.1 (52.0) |
12.6 (54.7) |
13.9 (57.0) |
16.1 (61.0) |
13.3 (55.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 13.5 (56.3) |
13.5 (56.3) |
11.8 (53.2) |
9.6 (49.3) |
8.2 (46.8) |
6.2 (43.2) |
5.0 (41.0) |
5.8 (42.4) |
7.5 (45.5) |
9.1 (48.4) |
10.3 (50.5) |
12.4 (54.3) |
9.4 (48.9) |
| Mean minimum °C (°F) | 6.1 (43.0) |
5.8 (42.4) |
4.3 (39.7) |
2.1 (35.8) |
0.2 (32.4) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
1.0 (33.8) |
2.6 (36.7) |
5.5 (41.9) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 2.8 (37.0) |
2.9 (37.2) |
0.8 (33.4) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 59.7 (2.35) |
67.6 (2.66) |
66.7 (2.63) |
80.5 (3.17) |
97.1 (3.82) |
108.6 (4.28) |
103.7 (4.08) |
95.5 (3.76) |
90.2 (3.55) |
107.8 (4.24) |
80.9 (3.19) |
88.8 (3.50) |
1,047.1 (41.23) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 234.4 | 212.6 | 202.5 | 158.7 | 134.5 | 104.0 | 123.0 | 153.9 | 151.9 | 178.3 | 204.5 | 206.2 | 2,064.5 |
| Source: NIWA[12][13] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
editParaparaumu is defined by Statistics New Zealand as a medium urban area and covers 28.38 km2 (10.96 sq mi),[1] which includes Otaihanga, Paraparaumu Beach, Raumati Beach and Raumati South. It had an estimated population of 30,300 as of June 2024, with a population density of 1,068 people per km2.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 25,260 | — |
| 2013 | 26,835 | +0.87% |
| 2018 | 28,701 | +1.35% |
| Source: [14] | ||
Before the 2023 census, the town had a larger boundary, covering 28.61 km2 (11.05 sq mi).[1] Using that boundary, Paraparaumu had a population of 28,701 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 1,866 people (7.0%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 3,441 people (13.6%) since the 2006 census. There were 11,379 households, comprising 13,560 males and 15,138 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.9 males per female, with 5,199 people (18.1%) aged under 15 years, 4,302 (15.0%) aged 15 to 29, 12,489 (43.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 6,708 (23.4%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 89.1% European/Pākehā, 12.5% Māori, 3.1% Pasifika, 5.1% Asian, and 2.3% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 23.5, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 54.0% had no religion, 34.7% were Christian, 0.4% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.7% were Hindu, 0.1% were Muslim, 0.6% were Buddhist and 2.2% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 5,013 (21.3%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 3,876 (16.5%) people had no formal qualifications. 4,329 people (18.4%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 10,368 (44.1%) people were employed full-time, 3,333 (14.2%) were part-time, and 918 (3.9%) were unemployed.[14]
| Name | Area (km2) |
Population | Density (per km2) |
Households | Median age | Median income |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paraparaumu Beach North | 2.14 | 4,056 | 1,895 | 1,482 | 42.1 years | $32,300[15] |
| Paraparaumu Beach West | 1.59 | 2,364 | 1,487 | 1,017 | 50.5 years | $31,400[16] |
| Paraparaumu Beach East | 1.07 | 2,667 | 2,493 | 1,110 | 49.9 years | $27,900[17] |
| Otaihanga | 4.47 | 804 | 180 | 306 | 46.3 years | $37,800[18] |
| Paraparaumu North | 3.53 | 3,555 | 1,007 | 1,449 | 49.8 years | $29,300[19] |
| Paraparaumu Central | 4.46 | 3,996 | 896 | 1,695 | 44.8 years | $26,300[20] |
| Raumati Beach West | 1.75 | 2,865 | 1,637 | 1,155 | 45.8 years | $36,800[21] |
| Raumati Beach East | 1.42 | 2,376 | 1,673 | 948 | 47.2 years | $27,100[22] |
| Paraparaumu East | 2.51 | 2,265 | 902 | 801 | 41.7 years | $25,700[23] |
| Raumati South | 5.65 | 3,753 | 664 | 1,416 | 42.8 years | $36,900[24] |
| New Zealand | 37.4 years | $31,800 |
Economy
editRetail
editCoastlands Shopping Town or Mall opened in Paraparaumu in 1969.[25] It has 1400 carparks and 94 shops, including Pak'nSave, The Warehouse, Farmers and Countdown.[26]
Sport
editParaparaumu was formerly represented in soccer/football by Paraparaumu United. They merged with the Raumati Hearts in 2003 to create Kapiti Coast United, which is based at Weka Park in Raumati.
The local athletics club is Paraparaumu Track and Field Club, which has both junior and senior members in conjunction with Athletics Wellington and Athletics New Zealand age grades. The club is based at the Paraparaumu Domain.[27]
Paraparaumu Beach also has a golf course. It has hosted the New Zealand Open a total of 12 times, a record unsurpassed by any other course.[28]
Transport
editAirport
editKapiti Coast Airport has a few scheduled commercial flights and is a popular recreational airfield, hosting the Kapiti Aero Club. Air Chathams will have daily flights between the airport and Auckland from 20 August 2018,[29] and Sounds Air operate to Blenheim and Nelson. Now defunct, locally based Air2there used operate to Blenheim and Nelson also. Prior to the mid 2010s Air New Zealand used to have scheduled services to Kapiti Coast Airport with their ATR-42s and Q-400/ DHC-8s. This was then cancelled in the mid 2010s.
Public transport
editParaparaumu is located on the North Island Main Trunk Railway (NIMT), on the Kapiti Line of Wellington's commuter railway network operated by Transdev under the Metlink brand. Electrified commuter services were extended to Waikanae on 20 February 2011. Korean built by Hyundai Rotem, FP/FT class electric multiple units operate the commuter trains.
Beyond Waikanae, KiwiRail's Great Journeys New Zealand division operates two diesel-hauled long distance passenger services: the Capital Connection between Palmerston North and Wellington, and the Northern Explorer between Auckland and Wellington.
There are also feeder and local commuter bus service operated by Metlink.
Education
editPrimary schools
editParaparaumu School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 Students with a roll of 339 as of August 2024.[30][31]
Paraparaumu Beach School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 Students with a roll of 520 as of August 2024.[30][32]
Kapiti School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 students,[33][34] with a roll of 104 as of August 2024.[35]
Kenakena School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 students,[36][37] with a roll of 582 as of August 2024.[30][38]
Our Lady of Kapiti School is a co-educational state-integrated Catholic primary school for Year 1 to 8 students,[39][40] with a roll of 247 as of August 2024.[30][41] It is named after a large statue of the Virgin Mary located near by.[42]
Secondary schools
editThree secondary schools are located near the Paraparaumu township: Paraparaumu College in Paraparaumu Beach,[43] Kāpiti College in Raumati Beach[44] and Ōtaki College in Ōtaki.[45]
Notable residents
editRaised in Paraparaumu
edit- Christian Cullen – rugby union footballer
- Stephen Kearney – rugby league footballer and coach
- Wayne McIndoe – field hockey player
- Drew Ne'emia – former television presenter
- Andrew Niccol – film director
Educated in Paraparaumu
edit- Peter Jackson at Kāpiti College – film director[citation needed]
- Dane Coles at Paraparaumu College – All Blacks player[46]
- Karl Kippenberger at Kāpiti College – bass player in Shihad[citation needed]
Notes
edit- ^ a b c "ArcGIS Web Application". statsnz.maps.arcgis.com. Archived from the original on 14 February 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
- ^ "Aotearoa Data Explorer". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
- ^ /ˌpærəpəˈraʊmuː/, thouɡh typically pronounced /ˌpærəˌpærəˈuːmuː/. In Māori vowels are run together, even when they are brought together by the creation of compound words. See for example [1] Archived 21 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Kapiti Coast Distinct Council, Community Profile Archived 2008-10-14 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b "Chris Maclean, "Wellington Places – Kapiti Coast", Te Ara". Archived from the original on 27 April 2008. Retrieved 20 June 2008.
- ^ "Weblog NZ feature, April 2003". Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
- ^ OSNZ – Breeding biology of little shags (Phalacrocorax melanoleucos) at Lindale
- ^ "Lindale Village". Archived from the original on 23 November 2018. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
- ^ "Scoop – Lindale Bridge nearly finished, October 2004". Archived from the original on 29 October 2004. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
- ^ a b c Justine, Murray (20 September 2022). "Nau Mai Town – Episode 2: Paraparaumu". RNZ. Retrieved 17 May 2024.
- ^ "Landslide-related fatalities in New Zealand" (PDF). Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 September 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ "CliFlo – National Climate Database : Paraparaumu Aero". NIWA. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
- ^ "CliFlo -The National Climate Database (Agent numbers: 3145, 3147, 3316, 8567, 12442)". NIWA. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ a b "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Paraparaumu Beach North (237000), Paraparaumu Beach West (237100), Paraparaumu Beach East (237300), Otaihanga (237400), Paraparaumu North (237500), Paraparaumu Central (237800), Raumati Beach West (238000), Raumati Beach East (238300), Paraparaumu East (238400) and Raumati South (238500).
- ^ 2018 Census place summary: Paraparaumu Beach North
- ^ 2018 Census place summary: Paraparaumu Beach West
- ^ 2018 Census place summary: Paraparaumu Beach East
- ^ 2018 Census place summary: Otaihanga
- ^ 2018 Census place summary: Paraparaumu North
- ^ 2018 Census place summary: Paraparaumu Central
- ^ 2018 Census place summary: Raumati Beach West
- ^ 2018 Census place summary: Raumati Beach East
- ^ 2018 Census place summary: Paraparaumu East
- ^ 2018 Census place summary: Raumati South
- ^ "Coastlands History". coastlands.co.nz. Coastlands Shoppingtown Ltd. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
- ^ "Coastlands – Stores". coastlands.co.nz. Coastlands Shoppingtown. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
- ^ "Paraparaumu Track & Field Club". Archived from the original on 16 April 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
- ^ "Discover – Paraparaumu Beach Golf Club". Archived from the original on 16 April 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
- ^ "Air Chathams will pick up Paraparaumu to Auckland flight route". NZ Herald. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
- ^ a b c d "New Zealand Schools Directory". New Zealand Ministry of Education. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
- ^ Education Counts: Paraparaumu School
- ^ "Paraparaumu Beach School Government Report". ero.govt.nz. Archived from the original on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
- ^ "Kapiti School Official School Website". kapiti.school.nz. Archived from the original on 5 June 2020. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
- ^ "Kapiti School Ministry of Education School Profile". educationcounts.govt.nz. Ministry of Education. Archived from the original on 5 June 2020. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
- ^ "Kapiti School Education Review Office Report". ero.govt.nz. Education Review Office. Archived from the original on 6 May 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ "Kenakena School Official School Website". kenakena.school.nz. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
- ^ "Kenakena School Ministry of Education School Profile". educationcounts.govt.nz. Ministry of Education. Archived from the original on 5 June 2020. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
- ^ "Kenakena School Education Review Office Report". ero.govt.nz. Education Review Office. Archived from the original on 6 May 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ "Our Lady of Kapiti School Official School Website". stpatspara.school.nz. Archived from the original on 5 May 2017. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
- ^ "Our Lady of Kapiti School Ministry of Education School Profile". educationcounts.govt.nz. Ministry of Education. Archived from the original on 5 June 2020. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
- ^ "Our Lady of Kapiti School Education Review Office Report". ero.govt.nz. Education Review Office. Archived from the original on 6 May 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ "New Our Lady of Kāpiti church and centre opened". NZ Catholic Newspaper. 25 June 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
- ^ Education Counts: Paraparaumu College
- ^ Education Counts: Kāpiti College
- ^ Education Counts: Ōtaki College
- ^ "Coles gives prized All Blacks jersey to Paraparaumu College". The New Zealand Herald. 31 May 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2023.