You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian. (April 2021) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
Petr Petrovich Lazarev (Russian: Пётр Петрович Лазарев; 14 April 1878 – 24 April 1942) was a biophysicist and a founder of the Soviet Institute of Physics and Biophysics (now Lebedev Physical Institute). He also founded the journal Uspekhi fizicheskikh nauk (later Physics-Uspekhi).
Early life
editLazarev was born in Moscow where his father worked as a civil engineer. After studies at a Moscow Gymnasium, he graduated from Moscow University in 1901 with a medical degree. After passing the examination to become a doctor of medicine in 1902 he worked at an ear clinic. He then became interested in mathematics and physics and passed the university examination in 1903 after studying the subjects entirely on his own.
Career
editLazarev's early research was on hearing and he noted that auditory sensations could be amplified by coordinated visual stimulation. He later studied other phenomena such as synesthesia and the effect of singing on vision. He began to collaborate with P.N. Lebedev from 1903 and in 1912 he obtained a doctorate with a thesis Vytsvetanie krasok i pigmentov v vidimom svete ["The Fading of Colors and Pigments in Visible Light"].
In 1911, he joined Lebedev in protest against the policies of L.A. Kasso and quit Moscow University to join Shanyavsky University. He began to study the ion theory of nerve excitation and confirmed Loeb's formula.[1][2] During World War I, he was involved in producing medical equipment, including thermometers and mobile X-ray systems. After the 1917 revolution, he became a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.[3]
In 1918, he was involved in the study of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly and worked on geomagnetism with E.G. Leyst.
Arrest and exile
editIn 1929, a group of communists failed to be elected to the Soviet Academy of Sciences. Lazarev objected to re-balloting them. He also publicly criticized Friedrich Engels writings about (Imaginary unit) who said that is "not only a contradiction, but even an absurd contradiction, a real absurdity." As a result of this Lazarev was arrested on 5 March 1931 and removed from all of his academic positions. His institute was transferred to the Supreme Soviet of the National Economy, the key personnel was sacked and most of the equipment destroyed. Lazarev's wife committed suicide on 13 June 1931.[4]
In September 1931 Lazarev was exiled to Sverdlovsk. He returned to Moscow in 1932.[4] Aleksandr Mints was his student.
References
edit- ^ Lazarev, P. P. (1999). "Historical essay on the 200 years of the development of natural sciences in Russia". Physics-Uspekhi. 42 (12): 1247–1257. doi:10.1070/pu1999v042n12abeh000750. S2CID 250892442.
- ^ Ivanitskii, G. R. (2009). "Ninety years of biophysics in Russia: The way it was". Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 79 (4): 394–401. doi:10.1134/S1019331609040121. ISSN 1019-3316. S2CID 144842012.
- ^ Ivanitskii, G. R. (2019). "X-men: humans with an unusual interaction between receptor systems who construct a world of new images within themselves (on the 140th anniversary of the birth of Academician P P Lazarev)". Physics-Uspekhi. 62 (7): 711–734. Bibcode:2019PhyU...62..711I. doi:10.3367/ufne.2019.01.038524. S2CID 198444490.
- ^ a b "Petr Lazarev". Repressions of the Academy of Sciences members.