The President's Intelligence Advisory Board (PIAB) is an advisory body to the Executive Office of the President of the United States. According to its self-description, it "provides advice to the President concerning the quality and adequacy of intelligence collection, of analysis and estimates, of counterintelligence, and of other intelligence activities."[1]
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| Advisor overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | January 1956 |
| Jurisdiction | United States |
| Advisor executive |
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| Child Advisor |
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| Website | President's Intelligence Advisory Board and Intelligence Oversight Board Website |
The PIAB, through its Intelligence Oversight Board (IOB), also advises the President on the legality of foreign intelligence activities.
History
editIn January 1956 President Dwight D. Eisenhower created the agency, originally known as the President's Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities (PBCFIA).[2] The first board, under chair James Killian, included the following members:[3]
- Richard Conolly
- Jimmy Doolittle
- Benjamin Fairless
- John Hull
- Joseph P. Kennedy
- Robert Lovett
- Edward Ryerson
In May 1961, President John F. Kennedy renamed it to the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB).[4]
The board exists at the pleasure of the President, who can change its size and portfolio so in 1977 President Jimmy Carter abolished the PFIAB, but President Ronald Reagan re-established it later.[5]
On February 29, 2008, President George W. Bush renamed the agency to President's Intelligence Advisory Board, its present form.[6]
Most of the board's work is secret, but one very public investigation involved the loss of U.S. nuclear secrets to China from the Los Alamos National Laboratory during the 1990s.[7]
Intelligence Oversight Board
editPresident Gerald Ford created the IOB following a 1975–76 investigation by the US Congress into domestic spying, assassination operations, and other abuses by intelligence agencies. His executive order doing so went into effect on March 1, 1976.[8] In 1993, the IOB became a committee of the PFIAB, under Executive Order #12863 of President Bill Clinton.
One of the IOB's functions is to examine violations of the laws and directives governing clandestine surveillance. The IOB received quarterly and annual reports from most US intelligence activities.[9] Thirteen cases involving FBI actions between 2002 and 2004 were referred to the IOB for its review.[10]
In an executive order issued on February 29, 2008, President George W. Bush terminated the IOB's authority to oversee the general counsel and inspector general of each U.S. intelligence agency, and erased the requirement that each inspector general file a report with the IOB every three months. The order also removed the IOB's authority to refer a matter to the Justice Department for a criminal investigation, and directed the IOB to notify the president of a problem only if other officials are not already "adequately" addressing that problem.[8]
In August 2013 it was reported that the membership of the IOB had been reduced from 14 to 4 under President Barack Obama, possibly starting in early May at the beginning of the 2013 mass surveillance disclosures by Edward Snowden.[11] The membership had not been increased as of July 2014.[12]
Membership
editDuring the administration of President George W. Bush, the PIAB had 16 members selected from among distinguished citizens outside the government who were qualified "on the basis of achievement, experience, independence, and integrity." The members were not paid.[13]
PIAB membership is generally considered public information; for example, the Clinton Administration posted the names of the members on a PFIAB web page,[13] and the Trump Administration issued a press release announcing the nominations of new members.[14]
George W. Bush
editIn August 2002, Randy Deitering, the executive director of PFIAB, confirmed the membership list released by the White House press office in October 2001:[15]
- Brent Scowcroft, the chair
- Pete Wilson, former governor of California
- Cresencio S. Arcos Jr., AT&T executive and former US ambassador
- Jim Barksdale, former head of the internet company Netscape
- Robert Addison Day, chairman of the TWC Group, a money management firm
- Stephen Friedman, past chairman of Goldman Sachs
- Alfred Lerner, chief executive of MBNA
- Ray Lee Hunt, scion of the Texas oil fortune
- Rita Hauser, lawyer
- David E. Jeremiah, retired admiral
- Arnold Kanter, national security official in the George H. W. Bush administration and a founding member of the Scowcroft Group
- James C. Langdon Jr., a power-lawyer in Texas
- Elisabeth Pate-Cornell, chair of Management Science and Engineering at Stanford University
- John Harrison Streicker, real estate magnate
- Philip Zelikow, National Security Council staffer during the George H.W. Bush administration and later a counselor to Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice
In 2003, there were indications of spying on members of the board by a foreign intelligence asset.[citation needed]
Barack Obama
editThe entire PIAB membership that served under the administration of George W. Bush resigned as part of an agreed-upon move in the presidential transition of Barack Obama.[16]
President Obama appointed Chuck Hagel, former United States Senator from Nebraska, and current University of Oklahoma President David Boren as PIAB co-chairs.[17]
The following other members were appointed to the board under President Obama:[18]
- Roel Campos
- Richard Danzig appointed on December 1, 2010[19]
- Lee H. Hamilton
- Rita Hauser
- Paul G. Kaminski
- Ellen Laipson, president and CEO of the Henry L. Stimson Center
- Les Lyles
- Daniel Meltzer appointed on December 1, 2010[19]
- Jami Miscik appointed December 23, 2009[20]
- Mona Sutphen appointed on September 6, 2011[21]
- Philip Zelikow appointed on September 6, 2011[21]
- Tom Wheeler appointed on April 27, 2011[22]
In May 2013, the White House dismissed 10 members of the board.[23] The four remaining members of the PIAB were:[1]
- Richard Danzig
- Daniel Meltzer
- Jami Miscik
- Mona Sutphen
In August 2014, President Obama nominated six new members:[24]
- James S. Crown
- Scott Davis
- Jamie Dos Santos
- Julius Genachowski
- Shirley Ann Jackson
- Neal Wolin
Donald Trump
editPresident Donald Trump named the following persons to the PIAB:[25]
- Steve Feinberg, chair
- Samantha Ravich, vice chair
- Safra Catz
- Saxby Chambliss
- Jim Donovan
- Kevin Hulbert
- Jeremy Katz
- David Robertson
In February 2019, President Trump named three additional members:[14]
- Charles E. Allen
- Daniel Hoffman
- John K. Hurley
In May 2019, President Trump named Ray Washburne as an additional member.[26][27]
Joe Biden
editIn May 2022, President Joe Biden named the below persons to the PIAB.[28]
In June 2022, he named Evan Bayh to the PIAB.[29]
In October 2022, he named Anne Finucane to the PIAB.[30]
In November 2022, he named Mark Angelson to the PIAB.[31]
In January 2023, he named Margaret Hamburg, Kim Cobb, and Kneeland Youngblood to the PIAB.[32]
In March 2023, he named Hamilton E. James and Julia Santucci to the PIAB.[33]
PIAB chairs
editPIAB chairpersons have been:[34]
| Officeholder | Term start | Term end | President |
|---|---|---|---|
| James Killian | January 13, 1956 | March 1, 1958 | Dwight Eisenhower |
| John Hull | March 1, 1958 | January 20, 1961 | |
| Vacant | January 20, 1961 | May 4, 1961 | John F. Kennedy |
| James Killian | May 4, 1961 | April 23, 1963 | |
| John F. Kennedy | |||
| Clark Clifford | April 23, 1963 | February 29, 1968 | |
| Max Taylor | February 29, 1968 | May 1, 1970 | |
| Richard Nixon | |||
| George Anderson | May 1, 1970 | March 11, 1976 | |
| Gerald Ford | |||
| Leo Cherne | March 11, 1976 | May 4, 1977 | |
| Jimmy Carter | |||
| Board abolished | May 4, 1977 | October 20, 1981 | |
| Anne Armstrong | October 20, 1981 | July 17, 1990 | Ronald Reagan |
| George H. W. Bush | |||
| John Tower | July 17, 1990 | April 5, 1991 | |
| Bobby Inman Acting |
April 5, 1991 | January 20, 1993 | |
| William Crowe | January 20, 1993 | May 26, 1994 | Bill Clinton |
| Les Aspin | May 26, 1994 | May 21, 1995 | |
| Warren Rudman Acting |
May 21, 1995 | January 16, 1996 | |
| Tom Foley | January 16, 1996 | November 19, 1997 | |
| Warren Rudman Acting: 1997–1998 |
November 19, 1997 | October 5, 2001 | |
| George W. Bush | |||
| Brent Scowcroft | October 5, 2001 | February 25, 2005 | |
| Jim Langdon | February 25, 2005 | December 20, 2005 | |
| Steve Friedman | December 20, 2005 | October 28, 2009 | |
| Barack Obama | |||
| David Boren Chuck Hagel |
October 28, 2009 | February 27, 2013 | |
| Vacant | February 27, 2013 | August 29, 2014 | |
| Shirley Ann Jackson Jami Miscik |
August 29, 2014 | January 20, 2017 | |
| Steve Feinberg | May 12, 2018 | January 20, 2021 | Donald Trump |
| Sandy Winnefeld | May 4, 2022 | present | Joe Biden |
IOB chairs
editThese are chairs of the Advisory Board's committee of Intelligence Oversight Board
| Officeholder | Term start | Term end | President |
|---|---|---|---|
| Robert Murphy | March 11, 1976 | May 5, 1977 | Gerald Ford |
| Jimmy Carter | |||
| Thomas Farmer | May 5, 1977 | October 20, 1981 | |
| Ronald Reagan | |||
| Glenn Campbell | October 20, 1981 | February 26, 1990 | |
| George H. W. Bush | |||
| Jim Thompson | February 26, 1990 | January 20, 1993 | |
| William Crowe | January 20, 1993 | May 26, 1994 | Bill Clinton |
| Anthony Harrington | May 26, 1994 | February 8, 2000 | |
| Warren Rudman Acting |
February 8, 2000 | October 5, 2001 | |
| George W. Bush | |||
| Brent Scowcroft | October 5, 2001 | February 25, 2005 | |
| Jim Langdon | February 25, 2005 | December 20, 2005 | |
| Steve Friedman | December 20, 2005 | October 28, 2009 | |
| Barack Obama | |||
| Chuck Hagel | October 28, 2009 | February 27, 2013 | |
| Dan Meltzer | February 27, 2013 | May 24, 2015 | |
| Neal Wolin | May 24, 2015 | January 20, 2017 | |
| Steve Feinberg[35] | August 16, 2018 | January 20, 2021 | Donald Trump |
Board executive directors
edit- 1956–1959: John Cassidy
- 1959–1961, 1961–1970: Patrick Coyne
- 1970–1973: Gerard Burke
- 1973–1977: Wheaton Byers
- 1977: Lionel Olmer
- 1977–1981: Board abolished
- 1981–1983: Norman Wood
- 1983–1984: Fred Demech
- 1984–1988: Gary Schmitt
- 1988–1989: Fred Demech
- 1989–1991: Nina Stewart
- 1991–1992: Vacant
- 1992–1995: Eugene Yeates
- 1995–2003: Randy Deitering (Acting: 1995–1998)
- 2003–2005: Joan Dempsey
- 2005–2017: Stefanie Osburn
Board members
edit- David Abshire: 1981–1983
- Stephen Ailes: 1976–1977 (IOB)
- Lew Allen: 1990–1999 (IOB)
- Brooke Anderson: 2015–present
- George Anderson: 1969–1970; 1976–1977
- Martin Anderson: 1982–1985
- Cresencio Arcos: 1999–2003
- Leslie Arends: 1976–1977
- Anne Legendre Armstrong: 1981–1990, Chairman
- Zoë Baird: 1993–2001
- Howard Baker: 1985–1987; 1988–1990
- William Baker: 1959–1961; 1961–1977; 1981–1990
- Jim Barksdale: 2001–2009
- Robert Barrow: 1984–1985
- Richard Bloch: 1996–1998
- Alfred Bloomingdale: 1981–1982
- David Boren: 2009–2013 (IOB)
- Frank Borman: 1981–1982
- Denis Bovin: 2006–2010
- Omar Bradley: 1956
- William Brody: 2002–2005
- David Bruce: 1956–1957
- Shelby Bryan: 1999–2001
- Zbigniew Brzezinski: 1988–1990
- Glenn Campbell: 1981–1990 (IOB)
- Roel Campos: 2009–2013
- Ann Caracristi: 1993–2001 (IOB)
- Bill Casey: 1976–1977
- Leo Cherne: 1973–1976 (IOB, 1976–1977); Vice Chair, 1981–1990
- Clark Clifford: 1961–1963
- John Connally: 1970–1971; 1972–1975; 1976–1977; 1981–1983
- Richard Conolly: 1956–1961
- Jim Crown: 2014–present
- Arthur Culvahouse: 2005–2010
- Richard Danzig: 2010–present (IOB, 2010–2015)
- Colgate Darden: 1957–1961
- Scott Davis: 2014–2015
- Robert Day: 2001–2005
- John Deutch: 1990–1993
- William DeWitt: 2005–2010
- Jimmy Doolittle: 1956–1961; 1961–1964
- Jamie Dos Santos: 2014–present
- Sidney Drell: 1993–2001
- Thomas Eagleton: 1993–2000
- James Ellis: 2005–2009
- Donald Evans: 2005–2009
- Martin Faga: 2005–2009
- Benjamin Fairless: 1956–1959
- Marty Feldstein: 2006–2009
- Michèle Flournoy: 2014–present
- John Foster: 1973–1977; 1981–1990
- Steve Friedman: 1999–2005; 2009–2010
- Bob Galvin: 1973–1977
- Julius Genachowski: 2014–present (IOB)
- Al Gore: 1977–1981 (IOB)
- Gordon Gray: 1961–1977
- Alan Greenspan: 1982–1985
- James Hamilton: 1995–1997
- Lee Hamilton: 2005–2013
- Anthony Harrington: 1993–2000 (IOB); Vice Chair, 1997–2000
- Rita Hauser: 2001–2004 (IOB, 2003–2004); 2009–2013
- Robert Hermann: 1993–2001
- John Hull: 1956–1958
- Ray Hunt: 2001–2009
- William Hyland: 1990–1993
- Bobby Inman: Vice Chair, 1990–1991
- Leon Jaworski: 1981–1982
- Shirley Jackson: 2014–present (IOB)
- David Jeremiah: 2001–2010 (IOB, 2003–2009)
- Amos Jordan: 1990–1993 (IOB, not PIAB)
- Paul Kaminski: 2009–2013
- Arnold Kanter: 2001–2005 (IOB, 2003–2005)
- Joe Kennedy: 1956
- James Killian: 1958–1960
- Jeane Kirkpatrick: 1985–1990
- Henry Kissinger: 1984–1990
- Ellen Laipson: 2009–2013
- Edwin Land: 1961–1977
- Jim Langdon: 2001–2005 (IOB, 2003–2005)
- William Langer: 1961–1969
- Tony Lapham: 1991–1993 (IOB; not PIAB)
- Lyman Lemnitzer: 1976–1977
- Al Lerner: 2001–2002
- Franklin Lincoln: 1969–1972
- Robert Lovett: 1956–1961
- Clare Luce: 1973–1977; 1981–1987
- Gordon Luce: 1988–1989
- Lester Lyles: 2009–2013 (IOB)
- Michael McConnell: 1988–1990 (IOB; not PIAB)
- Dan Meltzer: 2010–2015 (IOB)
- Charles Meyers: 1982–1988 (IOB; not PIAB)
- Jami Miscik: 2009–2015 (IOB)
- Thomas Moorer: 1981–1985
- Michael Morell: 2013–2014
- John Morrison: 2005–2010
- Franklin Murphy: 1969–1972
- Robert Murphy: 1961–1973; 1976–1977 (IOB)
- Kevin Nealer: 2014–present
- Peter O'Donnell: 1981–1985
- Frank Pace: 1961–1972
- Elisabeth Paté-Cornell: 2001–2010
- Ross Perot: 1981–1985
- William Perry: 1990–1993
- Hal Pote: 1993–1996 (IOB)
- Lois Rice: 1993–2001
- Chuck Robb: 2005–2009
- Nelson Rockefeller: 1969–1974
- Joe Rodgers: 1981–1985
- Eugene Rostow: 1982–1985
- Warren Rudman: Vice Chair, 1993–1994; Vice Chair, 1995–1998
- Edward Ryerson: 1956–1961
- Jack Schmitt: 1983–1985
- Bernie Schriever: 1985–1990
- Paul Seabury: 1981–1985
- Bill Scranton: 1977–1981 (IOB)
- George Shultz: 1974–1976
- Stanley Shuman: 1995–2001
- John Sides: 1965–1969
- Robert Six: 1981–1985
- William Smith: 1985–1990
- Maurice Sonnenberg: 1992–2000
- Frank Stella: 1981–1982 (IOB; not PIAB)
- Bobby Stein: 2015–present
- John Streicker: 2001–2005
- Mona Sutphen: 2011–present (IOB)
- Max Taylor: 1961; 1965–1968
- Edward Teller: 1971–1977
- John Tower: 1987–1990
- Fran Townsend: 2008–2009
- Charles Tyroler: 1981–1990 (IOB; not PIAB)
- Caspar Weinberger: 1988–1990
- Seymour Weiss: 1981–1985
- Tom Wheeler: 2011–2013
- Bud Wheelon: 1983–1988
- Ed Williams: 1976–1977; 1981–1985
- James Wilson: 1985–1990
- Pete Wilson: 2001–2005
- Albert Wohlstetter: 1985–1990
- Neal Wolin: 2014–present (IOB)
- Philip Zelikow: 2001–2003; 2011–2013
- Bud Zumwalt: 1996–2000
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b PIAB Official Website. Archived 2017-01-20 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Dwight D. Eisenhower: Executive Order 10656—Establishing the President's Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities". www.presidency.ucsb.edu.
- ^ Edwards, Philip K. (Summer 1969). "The President's Board: 1956–1960, Overseeing the intelligence community". Studies in Intelligence. Central Intelligence Agency. p. 114. Archived from the original on January 23, 2017.
- ^ Executive Orders (1961)
- ^ The Issue Wonk. National Policy Facts and Analysis. Issuewonk.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-16.
- ^ Executive Orders (2008)
- ^ Bill Getrz, "Covert board called crucial to presidents", The Washington Times, June 16, 2008, Page A1
- ^ a b Charlie Savage, "President weakens espionage oversight: Board created by Ford loses most of its power", Boston Globe, March 14, 2008
- ^ Electronic Frontier Foundation Archived 2011-10-07 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Dan Eggen, "FBI Papers Indicate Intelligence Violations: Secret Surveillance Lacked Oversight", Washington Post, 23 October 2005
- ^ Gerstein, Josh (August 15, 2013). "Obama upends intel panel". Politico.
- ^ "Members".
- ^ a b David Corn, "Who's On PFIAB?--A New Bush Secret", The Nation (blog), August 14, 2002, retrieved December 31, 2012
- ^ a b "President Donald J. Trump Announces Intent to Appoint Individuals to Key Administration Posts". whitehouse.gov. February 4, 2019. Retrieved February 12, 2019 – via National Archives.
- ^ David Corn, "Who's On PFIAB-A Bush Secret...Or Not? UPDATED" The Nation (blog), August 14, 2002, retrieved March 15, 2008
- ^ Texas oilman Ray Hunt is no longer serving as a presidential adviser on intelligence issues
- ^ "Remarks by the President Before Meeting with the President's Intelligence Advisory Board Co-Chairmen and Senior Leadership of the Intelligence Community" (Press release). Office of the Press Secretary. October 28, 2009. Archived from the original on February 16, 2017. Retrieved December 4, 2009.
- ^ "President Obama Announces Members of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board" (Press release). Office of the Press Secretary. December 23, 2009. Archived from the original on February 16, 2017.
- ^ a b "President Obama Announces More Key Administration Posts" (Press release). Office of the Press Secretary. December 1, 2010. Retrieved December 31, 2012.
- ^ White House Press Secretary, President Obama Announces Members of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board, December 23, 2009
- ^ a b "President Obama Announces More Key Administration Posts" (Press release). Office of the Press Secretary. September 6, 2011. Retrieved December 31, 2012.
- ^ "President Obama Announces More Key Administration Posts" (Press release). Office of the Press Secretary. April 27, 2011.
- ^ "Obama upends intel panel". Politico. August 15, 2013.
- ^ Aliya Sternstein (August 29, 2014). "Obama Resurrects Intel Advisory Panel". Retrieved February 12, 2019.
- ^ Steven Nelson (November 21, 2018). "Trump names hand-picked panel to supervise, investigate intelligence community". Retrieved February 12, 2019.
- ^ Ferran, Lee (August 28, 2019). "Trump's secretive intelligence advisory board takes shape with security pros and GOP donors". ABC News. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- ^ "President Donald J. Trump Announces Intent to Nominate and Appoint Personnel to Key Administration Posts". whitehouse.gov. May 20, 2019. Retrieved April 14, 2020 – via National Archives.
- ^ "President Biden Announces Appointments to the President's Intelligence Advisory Board and the National Science Board". The White House. May 4, 2022. Archived from the original on May 4, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.
- ^ "President Biden Announces Key Appointments". June 15, 2022.
- ^ "President Biden Announces Key Appointments to Boards and Commissions". The White House. October 14, 2022. Retrieved October 20, 2022.
- ^ "President Biden Announces Key Appointments to Boards and Commissions". The White House. November 22, 2022. Retrieved January 26, 2023.
- ^ "President Biden Announces Key Appointments to Boards and Commissions". The White House. January 26, 2023. Retrieved January 26, 2023.
- ^ "President Biden Announces Key Appointments to Boards and Commissions". The White House. March 3, 2023. Retrieved February 13, 2024.
- ^ PFIAB Chairpersons, The White House website, retrieved March 14, 2008
- ^ "President Donald J. Trump Announces Intent to Nominate, Designate, and Appoint Personnel to Key Administration Posts". whitehouse.gov. August 16, 2018. Retrieved February 12, 2019 – via National Archives.