Pacifica was a statue created by Ralph Stackpole for the 1939–1940 Golden Gate International Exposition held on Treasure Island in the San Francisco Bay. Stackpole's largest sculpture, it towered 81 feet (25 m) over the entrance to the Cavalcade of the Golden West in the Court of Pacifica. The Court of Pacifica was dedicated to the heroic explorers of Pacific Ocean territories. Pacifica was the theme statue for the exposition, representing world peace, neighborliness, and the power of a unified Pacific coast.[1][2][3]
Development
editIt took Stackpole two years to complete the statue as it started out as a three inch figure.[4] It went through 50 renditions before settling upon the final model which was 10 feet (3.0 m) tall. The model was then divided into cross sections.[4]
Each cross section was enlarged eight-fold though a process using a pantograph. Scaffolding was set up and prepared for the precise assembly of the enlarged sections. Iron was used for supports, bent and shaped around the proper contours of the statue.[4] Next, mesh wire was layered over the entire iron frame, and then covered in a final blanket of plaster. Such a construction was always meant for temporary placement.[4]
By November 1938, when Life photographer Alfred Eisenstaedt was capturing images to promote the event, Pacifica was ready for his camera. The magazine carried the image of this, Stackpole's most monumental work, "a peaceful, contemplative, almost prayer-like female figure".[5]
Pacifica at the Golden Gate International Exposition
editPacifica was physically the biggest and most conspicuous statue at the exposition.[6] She was placed in front of a 100-foot (30 m) metal prayer curtain that had a backdrop of stars made of metal and small tubes that would make sound when met with a breeze.[7] In front of the statue, in the center of the court, was a circular fountain surrounded by the works of eight different sculptors of figures representing people living on shores of the Pacific.[8]
Presentation
editLighting
editThe statue was lit by two 1500 watt underwater floodlights.[9] The giant spotlights gave Pacifica a look of "regal splendor."[10] The backdrop, or Great Window, was lit by 75 amber, 150 red, and 300 blue floodlights, each 200 watts, all controlled by a thyratron.[9] This gave the entire court a very colorful and mystical appearance after dark. "The contrast brought the great figure to life, as if it were about to walk down the esplanade into the Court of the Seven Seas."[11]
Flowers
editOrange calendulas were in full bloom around the statue, as well as red, yellow, and purple ranunculus and anemones which were said at the time to be very fragrant and added a romantic edge to the court.[12]
Destruction
editFrom 1939 to 1940, some 16 million visitors came to the exposition.[13] The United States Navy purchased the island as a naval base in 1941, and Pacifica was demolished along with most other exposition structures.[14]
After the exposition, Stackpole proposed that the sculpture be recast in a more permanent form—steel, stone or concrete—and positioned prominently on an island in the San Francisco Bay, perhaps Alcatraz or Angel Island, in a manner similar to the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor.[15] The plan was not seriously considered by civic leaders whose attention was on the events that soon brought the U.S. into direct involvement with World War II.[15]
Pacifica was demolished by the US Navy on January 22, 1941.[16][17][18]
Pacifica II
editCurrently, a non-profit organization called The Pacifica II Statue Project is working to recreate and resurrect Pacifica on Treasure Island.[2] There is currently an 8-foot (2.4 m) replica of Pacifica at City College of San Francisco Ocean Campus, 50 Phelan Avenue in the garden next to the Diego Rivera Theater.[3]
References
edit- ^ 1939 World's Fair Progress, Golden Gate International Exposition, Bulletin no 1, Golden Gate Expo, 585 Bush St., San Francisco, p10
- ^ a b "Pacifica II Statue Project | | Pacifica II Statue Project". Pacificastatueproject.org. Archived from the original on 2013-06-21. Retrieved 2011-02-22.
- ^ a b "Pacifica is back! » San Francisco History Podcast – Sparkletack". Sparkletack.com. 2008-04-11. Retrieved 2011-02-22.
- ^ a b c d "History of the Statue | Pacifica II Statue Project". Pacificastatueproject.org. Retrieved 2011-02-22.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Hard Times, High Visions: Golden Gate International Exposition". Library, University of California, Berkeley. 2001. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
- ^ Neuhaus, Eugene. "The Art of Treasure Island, University of California press, Berkeley, CA 1939. p 55
- ^ Jones, Jack, and Earle Weller. "Treasure Island: The Magic City, 1939-1940. The Story of the Golden Gate International Expo" Pisani: San Francisco CA, 1941. p 35
- ^ Neuhaus, 1939. p 56
- ^ a b Color: New Synthesis in the West Reprinted by General Electric From Architectural Record
- ^ Jones and Weller, 1941. p 44
- ^ Jones and Weller, 1941. p 45
- ^ Jones and Weller, 1941. p 54
- ^ James, 1941, p. 166
- ^ "Sal DeGuarda | Pacifica II Statue Project". Pacificastatueproject.org. Retrieved 2011-02-22.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Starr, Kevin (2002). The Dream Endures: California Enters the 1940s. Oxford University Press. pp. 151–152. ISBN 0-19-515797-4.
- ^ "Pacifica's return? Quest to again raise statue on Treasure Island". 4 October 2013.
- ^ http://www.pacificatribune.com/news/goddess-of-pacific-unity-finds-home-in-local-museum/article_c1c4a7b8-81eb-11e6-a54c-9b3101a251e8.html[permanent dead link]
- ^ Historical Study of Yerba Buena Island Treasure Island and their buildings Archived 2022-02-25 at the Wayback Machine, Mare Island Naval Shipyard, BRAC Environmental Division. 1995.