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Polesia

(Redirected from Palesse)
"Polesie" redirects here. For other uses, see Polesie (disambiguation).

Polesia, also called Polissia, Polesie, or Polesye,[a] is a natural (geographic) and historical region in Eastern Europe within the bigger East European Plain, including part of eastern Poland and the Belarus–Ukraine border region.[2] This region should not be confused with parts of Russia also traditionally called "Polesie".

Polesia
Палессе • Полісся
Polesie
Natural and historical region
Polesian Lowland marked in dark green
Polesian Lowland marked in dark green
CountriesBelarus, Poland, and Ukraine
Largest cityHomel

Extent

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One of the largest forest areas on the continent, Polesia is located in the southwestern part of the Eastern-European Lowland, the Polesian Lowland. On the western side, Polesia originates at the crossing of the Bug River valley in Poland and the Pripyat River valley of Western Ukraine.[3] The westernmost part of the region, located in Poland and around Brest, Belarus, historically also formed part of the historic region of Podlachia, and is also referred to as such. The modern Polish part was not considered part of Polesia by the late 19th-century Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland, which defined the region as roughly a triangle between the cities of Brest in the west, Mogilev in the northeast and Kyiv in the southeast.[4] The swampy areas of central Polesia are known as the Pinsk Marshes (after the major local city of Pinsk). Large parts of the region were contaminated after the Chernobyl disaster and the region now includes the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone and Polesie State Radioecological Reserve, named after the region.

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    Polesie within Belarus
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    Geographic regions of Polesie (Polissia) within Ukraine
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    Polesia (Polesie) and other historical lands of Poland against the background of modern administrative borders (names in Polish)

Name

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The names Polesia/Polissia/Polesye, etc. may reflect the Slavic root les 'forest', and the Slavic prefix po- 'on, in, along'.[5] Inhabitants of Polesia are called Polishchuks.

History

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Polesia in 1613 (detail of Radziwiłł map)

In ancient times, the areas of today's western and west-central Polesia were inhabited by the people of the Milograd culture, the Neuri.[6]

In the late Middle Ages Polesia became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, following it into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569). It was annexed by Russia in the late-18th-century Partitions of Poland. Polesia was largely part of Poland from 1921 to 1939, when the country's largest province, the Polesie Voivodeship, bore that name,[2] with the eastern part forming part of the Byelorussian SSR, within which the Polesia Region was created in 1938. From 1931 to 1944, it was explicitly mentioned as constituent part of the short-lived (Byzantine Rite) Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Volhynia, Polesia and Pidliashia.[7]

 
Polesia in May 1920

Following the 1939 invasion of Poland, most of the region was under Soviet occupation, with the western outskirts under German occupation until 1941, and then the entire region, including the pre-war Soviet-controlled part, was under German occupation until 1943–1944. Since the end of World War II, the region has encompassed areas in eastern Poland, southern Belarus, and northwestern Ukraine.[citation needed]

Geography

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Polesia is a marshy region lining the Pripyat River (Pripyat Marshes) in Southern Belarus (Brest, Pinsk, Kalinkavichy, Gomel), Northern Ukraine (in the Volyn, Rivne, Zhytomyr, Kyiv and Chernihiv Oblasts), and partly in Poland (Lublin). It is a flatland within the drainage basins of the Western Bug and Prypyat rivers. The two rivers are connected by the Dnieper-Bug Canal, built during the reign of Stanislaus II of Poland, the last king of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Notable tributaries of the Pripyat are the Horyn, Stokhid, Styr, Ptsich, and Yaselda rivers. The largest towns in the Pripyat basin are Pinsk, Stolin, Davyd-Haradok. Huge marshes were reclaimed from the 1960s to the 1980s for farmland.[clarification needed]

The region is subdivided into several subregions among which are:[citation needed]

Poland
Ukraine
Belarus
  • Brest Paliessie
  • Zaharodzie
  • Prypiat Paliessie
  • Mazyr Paliessie
  • Homiel Paliessie

According to the late 19th-century Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland Polesie was divided into Northern Polesia, itself divided into Upper Polesia or Pinsk Polesia and Lower Polesia or Mazyr Polesia, and Southern Polesia, itself divided into Volhynian Polesia (overlapping northern Volhynia) and Drevlian Polesia.[4]

Chernobyl disaster

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This region suffered severely from the Chernobyl disaster. Huge areas were polluted by radioactive elements. The most polluted part includes the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone and the adjacent Polesie State Radioecological Reserve. Some other areas in the region are considered unsuitable for living as well.[8]

Tourism

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The Polish part of the region includes the Polesie National Park (Poleski Park Narodowy), established 1990, which covers an area of 97.6 square kilometres (37.7 sq mi). This and a wider area adjoining it (up to the Ukrainian border) make up the UNESCO-designated West Polesie Biosphere Reserve, which borders a similar reserve (the Shatskiy Biosphere Reserve) on the Ukrainian side. There is also a protected area called Pribuzhskoye-Polesie in the Belarusian part of the region.

The wooden architecture structures in the region were added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on 30 January 2004 in the Cultural category.[9]

See also

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There are areas in Russia traditionally called Polesie (Russian: Полесье) as well. However there the origin of the term is different: historically it referred to transitional areas from woodless fields to densely wooded territory.[10]

Notes

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  1. ^

References

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  1. ^ Michał Baliński [pl], Tymoteusz Lipiński [pl], Starożytna Polska: pod względem historycznym, jeograficznym i statystycznym, Volume 3, 1846, p. 834
  2. ^ a b "Polesie". University at Buffalo, New York. Polish Academic Information Center. Archived from the original on 7 September 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
  3. ^ Alicja Breymeyer. "Presentation of West Polesie Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (Belarus/Poland/Ukraine)". Nomination Form prepared in Warsaw, Kyiv and Minsk by National UNESCO-MAB Committees, and introduced to UNESCO in a May 2007 Nomination. West Polesie.org. Archived from the original on 2 May 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
  4. ^ a b Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom VIII (in Polish). Warszawa. 1887. p. 579-587.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. ^ Compare Mould, R. F. (2000). Chernobyl Record: The Definitive History of the Chernobyl Catastrophe. Bristol, UK: Institute of Physics Publishing. ISBN 0-7503-0670-X.
  6. ^ David Asheri, Alan B. Lloyd, Aldo Corcella, A commentary on Herodotus Books I-IV , edited by Oswyn Murray, Alfonso Moreno, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2007, p. 589
  7. ^ "Apostolic Exarchate of Volhynia, Polesia and Pidliashia (Ukrainian Rite)". GCatholic.
  8. ^ "Zoning of radioactively contaminated territory of Ukraine according to actual regulations". ICRIN. 2004. Archived from the original on 18 February 2013. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  9. ^ "Worship wooden architecture (17th -18th centuries) in Polesye - UNESCO World Heritage Centre". Whc.unesco.org. 30 January 2004. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
  10. ^   "Полесье" . Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (in Russian). 1906.
  11. ^ Брянско-Жиздринское Полесье
  12. ^ ecology.gpntb.ru > Экология в библиотечном мире > Центральный федеральный округ > Калужская область

Further reading

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