Cryptobranchoidea

The Cryptobranchoidea are a suborder of salamanders found in Asia, European Russia, and the United States. They are known as primitive salamanders, in contrast to Salamandroidea, the advanced salamanders. It has two living subdivisions, Cryptobranchidae (Asian giant salamanders and hellbenders), and Hynobiidae, commonly known as Asian salamanders.

Cryptobranchoidea Temporal range: Middle Jurassic - Present
Cryptobranchus alleganiensis
Hynobius fossigenus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Urodela
Suborder:	Cryptobranchoidea Dunn, 1922
Subgroups
†Chunerpeton? †Jeholotriton †Pangerpeton †Nesovtriton? †Iridotriton? †Kiyatriton? †Laccotriton †Sinerpeton Cryptobranchidae Panhynobia Ji, Anderson & Gao, 2021 †Liaoxitriton †Linglongtriton †Neimengtriton †Regalerpeton †Nuominerpeton Hynobiidae

Giant salamanders are obligate paedomorphs with partial metamorphosis, but Asiatic salamander goes through a full metamorphosis. The only known exceptions are the Longdong stream salamander, which has been documented as facultatively neotenic, and the Ezo salamander, where a now assumed extinct population from Lake Kuttarush in Hokkaido had neotenic traits like gills in adults.

The oldest members of the group are known from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) aged Yanliao Biota of China.

Taxonomy

This suborder contains only two families at present. All other members are extinct and are only known as fossils.

• †Chunerpeton Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) (neotenic, has alternatively been recovered outside of Cryptobranchoidea)
• †Jeholotriton Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) (neotenic)
• †Pangerpeton Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)
• †Nesovtriton Bissekty Formation, Uzbekistan, Late Cretaceous (Turonian)
• †Iridotriton Morrison Formation, United States, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
• †Kiyatriton Itat Formation, Russia, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) Ilek Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Barremian-Aptian) (Presumed to be a cryptobranchoid)
• †Laccotriton Fengshan fossil bed, China, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
• †Sinerpeton Fengshan fossil bed, China, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
• Cryptobranchidae (Late Cretaceous-Recent)
• Panhynobia
  • †Liaoxitriton Jiufotang Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
  • †Linglongtriton Tiaojishan Formation, China, Late Jurassic (Oxfordian)
  • †Neimengtriton Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)
  • †Regalerpeton Dabeigou Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian)
  • †Nuominerpeton Longjiang Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
  • Hynobiidae (Miocene-Recent)