The half-mourning croaker (Paranibea semiluctuosa) is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. It is the only species in the monospecific genus Paranibea. This fish is found in the Indo-Pacific region.[2]
| Half-mourning croaker | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Acanthuriformes |
| Family: | Sciaenidae |
| Genus: | Paranibea Trewavas, 1977 |
| Species: | P. semiluctuosa
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| Binomial name | |
| Paranibea semiluctuosa (Cuvier, 1830)
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Taxonomy
editThe half-mourning croaker was first formally described as Corvina semiluctuosa in 1830 by the French zoologist Georges Cuvier with Malabar given as the type locality.[3] In 1977 Ethelwynn Trewavas classified C. semiluctuosa in a new monospecific genus Paranibea.[4] This taxon is included in the subfamily Otolithinae by some workers,[5] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sciaenidae, which it places in the order Acanthuriformes.[6]
Etymology
editThe half-mourning croaker was considered to be classified within Nibea and the genus name, Paranibea, means "like" or "close to" Nibea. The specific name semiluctuosa translates as "half mourning" and is presumed to refer to the dark stripes running along the scales over most of the body, except for a narrow area on the belly.[7]
Description
editThe half-mourning croaker has a deep body, which is over 3 times the standard length, with a rounded dorsal profile and a slightly inferior mouth, which has thick, warty lips. The teeth in the lower jaw are all the same size. The swim bladder is shaped like a carrot and has branched appendages along the entirety of each side, the pair at the front go through the transverse septum. The dorsal fin has a shallow notch with 9 or 10 spines before the notch and 1 spine and between 27 and 31 soft rays to its rear. The anal fin is supported by 2 spines and 7 or 8 soft rays. The colour is dark with numerous, slender, sinuous black stripes and with the anal and pelvic fins being darker than the other fins.[8] The maximum published total length for this species is 40 cm (16 in), although 30 cm (12 in) is more typical.[2]
Distribution and habitat
editThe half-mourning croaker is found in the Indo-West Pacific where it has it is found in Iran and Pakistan east to northern Myanmar, it has been recorded in Peninsular Malaysia but records from farther east require to be verified. It is found in coastal waters over mud substrates, although in Bangladesh it has been recorded on sandy substrates.[1]
Fisheries
editThe half-mourning croaker is commonly landed by commercial fisheries, especially in western India, and is also taken as bycatch. The fish landed are sold fresh or are preserved by drying or salting.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c Hasan, M.E.; Chao, L.; Seah, Y.G.; et al. (2020). "Paranibea semiluctuosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T49188448A196843955. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T49188448A196843955.en. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
- ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Paranibea semiluctuosa". FishBase. February 2023 version.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Paranibea". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Sciaenidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
- ^ Kunio Sasaki (1989). "Phylogeny of the family Sciaenidae, with notes on its Zoogeography (Teleostei, Peciformes)" (PDF). Memoirs of the Faculty of Fishes Hokkaido University. 36 (1–2): 1–137.
- ^ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 497–502. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. Archived from the original on 2019-04-08. Retrieved 2023-06-17.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (9 March 2023). "Series Eupercaria (Incertae sedis): Families Callanthidae, Centrogenyidae, Dinopercidae, Emmelichthyidae, Malacanthidae, Monodactylidae, Moronidae, Parascorpididae, Sciaenidae and Sillagidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
- ^ Kunio Sasaki (2022). "Family Sciaenidae Croakers, Drums and Cobs". In Phillip C Heemstra; Elaine Heemstra; David A Ebert; Wouter Holleman; John E Randall (eds.). Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean Volume 3 (PDF). South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. pp. 389–414. ISBN 978-1-990951-30-5.