Wikipedia

Spartacus: Blood and Sand

(Redirected from Party Favors (Spartacus))

Spartacus: Blood and Sand is the first season of American television series Spartacus, which premiered on Starz on January 22, 2010. The series was inspired by the historical figure of Spartacus (played by Andy Whitfield), a Thracian gladiator who from 73 to 71 BC led a major slave uprising against the Roman Republic. Executive producers Steven S. DeKnight and Robert Tapert focused on structuring the events of Spartacus' obscure early life leading up to the beginning of historical records.

Spartacus: Blood and Sand
Season 1
Starring
No. of episodes13
Release
Original networkStarz
Original releaseJanuary 22 (2010-01-22) –
April 16, 2010 (2010-04-16)
Season chronology
List of episodes

Cast and characters

edit
Main article: List of Spartacus characters

Slave

  • Andy Whitfield as Spartacus – a Thracian warrior who is condemned to slavery as a gladiator.
  • Manu Bennett as Crixus – a Gaul who is Batiatus' top gladiator prior to Spartacus's arrival. He becomes Naevia's lover and is Lucretia's unwilling lover.
  • Peter Mensah as Oenomaus/Doctore – an African slave who serves as trainer of Batiatus' gladiators.
  • Nick E. Tarabay as Ashur – a former gladiator from Syria whose leg was crippled in the arena by Crixus. He now serves Batiatus as a bookkeeper and henchman.
  • Jai Courtney as Varro – a Roman citizen who sold himself to the ludus to support his family, and who soon becomes Spartacus' confidant and friend in the ludus.
  • Antonio Te Maioha as Barca – nicknamed the "Beast of Carthage", he is one of Batiatus' most successful gladiators and serves as a bodyguard for his dominus.
  • Eka Darville as Pietros – Barca's younger gay lover and partner.
  • Lesley-Ann Brandt as Naevia – Lucretia's loyal body slave. She becomes Crixus' lover.
  • Erin Cummings as Sura – Spartacus' wife.
  • Katrina Law as Mira – a slave girl sent, under threat of death, to seduce Spartacus and become his lover. Ultimately she falls in love with him.
  • Dan Feuerriegel as Agron – a new German gladiator recruit who helps Spartacus plot his uprising.

Roman

Style

edit

The program is preceded by a warning that it purports to portray a "historical portrayal of ancient Roman society that contains graphic violence and adult content". Incidental nudity and scenes of a sexual or of a violent nature are present throughout.

Episodes

edit
See also: List of Spartacus episodes
No.
overall		No. in
season		TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.
code		US viewers
(millions)
11"The Red Serpent"Rick JacobsonSteven S. DeKnightJanuary 22, 2010 (2010-01-22)SPS1010.66[1]
In the series premiere, in 73 B.C., a nameless Thracian warrior and his fellow fighters align themselves with legate Gaius Claudius Glaber and Rome to protect their homeland. But disenchantment with the Romans soon sets in when their allies' strategies leave their homeland unprotected from Getae marauders. The warrior leads a rebellion of the auxiliary troops against the Roman officers, then deserts to return to his village and his wife. He arrives as the Getae attack and reunites with his wife, who tells him that she had a vision of him "falling before a red serpent." He and his wife manage to escape, only to be captured by Glaber the next day. The warrior's wife, Sura, is forced into slavery and he and the other deserters are shipped to the arena in Capua, to be put to death publicly by gladiators, whereupon he proves his worth by defeating all four opponents, and is given a new name, Spartacus.
22"Sacramentum Gladiatorum"Rick JacobsonSteven S. DeKnightJanuary 29, 2010 (2010-01-29)SPS1020.77[1]
The newly enslaved Thracian warrior Spartacus enters the ludus of Lentulus Batiatus to receive gladiator training and discipline. He soon manages to make an enemy of the undefeated Gallic champion of Capua, Crixus, and the attention of whip-wielding taskmaster Doctore who uses harsh methods to test the new novices. He also meets Varro, a Roman gladiator by bankruptcy, who becomes his friend. The crafty but cash-strapped Batiatus fails to impress Glaber and so makes Spartacus, his new slave, an offer: if he cooperates and trains as a prized gladiator, he will use his power to help locate his wife. Consequently Spartacus trains to face the test to be a gladiator, and throws Crixus from the platform right before being killed. Afterwards, the victorious Spartacus swears the sacramentum of the gladiator brotherhood.
33"Legends"Grady HallBrent FletcherFebruary 5, 2010 (2010-02-05)SPS1030.86[1]
As the gladiators prepare for the series of fights that will be the highlight of the upcoming Vulcanalia festival, Spartacus cleverly manoeuvres to secure the right to battle Crixus, the unbeaten champion of Capua, in the primus or final battle. Despite his wife Lucretia's objections, Batiatus reminds her that Spartacus' bravery and previous exploits have "struck a chord with the public's interest". Meanwhile, Lucretia schemes to win favor with the wife of Gaius Claudius Glaber, the crafty and devious Ilithyia. At a pre-fight banquet, she interests her in the desirous Crixus, although he is secretly enamoured of Naevia, one of the domestic slaves. At the Vulcanalia, Spartacus embarrasses his owners publicly, both by beginning to fight too early, and by surrendering instead of dying.
44"The Thing in the Pit"Jesse WarnAaron Helbing & Todd HelbingFebruary 12, 2010 (2010-02-12)SPS1040.66[1]
Spartacus' disgrace at surrendering to Crixus in the arena leads Batiatus to punish him by demoting the Thracian to fight in the "pits of the underworld," a hellish, vicious subterranean battle arena where the crowds are frenzied and anything goes. When Naevia seemingly rejects Crixus' necklace gift, he initially misunderstands the reason for her refusal, and continues his secretive sexual relationship with Batiatus' wife. Meanwhile, the drought and Batiatus' money problems continue, and Lucretia ends up selling her new emerald necklace at a loss in the markets. Spartacus somehow survives the pits, and despite losing Batiatus' winnings, he regains the favour of his dominus after helping to foil an assassination attempt by two slaves, and is restored again to gladiator status.
55"Shadow Games"Michael HurstMiranda KwokFebruary 19, 2010 (2010-02-19)SPS1050.85[1]
As the summer heat continues, enemies Spartacus and Crixus are commanded to take on an unbeaten champion named Theokoles, the "shadow of death". Doctore, being the only warrior to have fought Theokoles and lived, is charged with preparing the two men for the drought-breaking primus, but receives little satisfaction from either man. Spartacus tries to find common ground with his arch-enemy but Crixus remains stalwartly opposed to sharing any of the glory. Meanwhile, after the visit of a fertility priestess, Lucretia is denied a chance to conceive as Crixus, distracted by Naevia, declines her advances. Meanwhile, the wounded Batiatus continues his own investigations into the attempt on his life, and exacts blood vengeance on Ovidius, the cousin of Magistrate Calavius, and his family. In the arena, Theokoles is finally bested by Spartacus and the drought breaks once Theokoles dies, earning Spartacus the title of "bringer of rain". However, Crixus is critically wounded in the encounter and is taken away to recover.
66"Delicate Things"Rick JacobsonTracy Bellomo & Andrew ChamblissFebruary 26, 2010 (2010-02-26)SPS1061.08[1]
As the rains fall, both Barca and Spartacus envision a future away from the ludus. Barca expects to purchase his and Pietros' freedom, while Spartacus dreams of escaping with his enslaved wife, Sura. Crixus, barely alive after the near-fatal fight with Theokoles, is now in a drugged sleep. As part of his promotion to new Capuan champion, Spartacus tries on new armour, and during a private lesson with the Magistrate's son, Numerius, he steals a dagger for the escape. Spartacus also uses some of his winnings to buy wine and women for the gladiators, to further aid the escape plan. Meanwhile, Batiatus is troubled by false news that Ovidius' son still lives, and Ashur uses the chance to have Barca killed to avoid repaying the winnings owed to him. In the end Batiatus keeps his word of retrieving Sura, but her reunion with Spartacus is short lived as she quickly dies from wounds sustained in a "bandit attack".
77"Great and Unfortunate Things"Jesse WarnBrent Fletcher & Steven S. DeKnightMarch 12, 2010 (2010-03-12)SPS1070.97[1]
Spartacus' world is changed by the death of his wife and he finds himself at a crossroads. In the absence of Barca, Pietros struggles without a protector and is unable to deal with the brutal attentions of Gnaeus. Meanwhile, Varro is visited by his wife and son and receives unwelcome news that she too, without her protector, has also been raped. Amidst the deceit of the household, Doctore seeks the truth behind Barca's sudden departure from the ludus. Pietros, now without hope, hangs himself – and Spartacus gets even by throwing Gnaeus off the cliff. Spartacus, again at odds with his dominus, is forced to repay the loss from his winnings. After returning the stolen dagger, he decides to focus on his new gladiatorial life. In the arena while dressed as a Roman consul, he fights six criminals dressed as Thracians, and trusting himself to his wife's gods, he begins to purge his past.
88"Mark of the Brotherhood"Rowan WoodsAaron Helbing & Todd HelbingMarch 19, 2010 (2010-03-19)SPS1080.88[1]
Spartacus continues his reign as the champion of Capua at rival Solonius' expense, while Crixus struggles to recover and to return to training. After comments made by Ashur, Batiatus begins to explore the possibility of selling the Gaul to a rival ludus in Damascus. Meanwhile, Batiatus acquires six new recruits for 100 denarii, and Ilithyia chooses to sponsor one, a Gaul named Segovax, in order to both defy her husband and impress her socialite friends. After a slight to her husband's honour by Spartacus at a private party, she implies promises of freedom to the recruit in exchange for his help. Crixus, after working to regain Lucretia's sexual favour, interrupts Segovax's attempt to strangle Spartacus. Crixus and Spartacus, both wounded in the fight, begin to renew a sense of brotherhood with each other. Ilithyia, on a return visit, arrives in time to both witness her sponsored slave's crucifixion and deny any knowledge of the reasons behind the attack.
99"Whore"Michael HurstDaniel KnaufMarch 26, 2010 (2010-03-26)SPS1091.11[1]
Licinia, a rich noblewoman and cousin of senator Marcus Crassus, visits from Rome and asks Lucretia to "taste the wares of ludus" with Spartacus. Lucretia, mindful that Spartacus had not been with a woman since his capture, instructs a female slave named Mira to prepare him for his encounter, but Spartacus rejects her. Ilithyia, suspecting her rich friend's desires, also decides on a masked sexual encounter. Jealously enraged by her choice of Crixus (who has recently resumed training), Lucretia sets up to trap Ilithyia in bed with Spartacus. Ilithyia, shocked after it is revealed that both intended to use the scandal against her, suddenly kills Licinia. Meanwhile, elsewhere in the ludus, Batiatus' plan to kill Solonius is undermined by a slighted Ashur, Crixus makes enemies of two new German brothers, Varro's wife and son have gone missing, and Naevia steals a guard's key for an illicit tryst.
1010"Party Favors"Chris Martin-JonesBrent Fletcher & Miranda KwokApril 2, 2010 (2010-04-02)SPS1101.27[1]
Spartacus and Crixus are set up to fight in an exhibition match for Numerius' coming of age party, and Crixus sees a chance to resume his position. Batiatus, realising Spartacus' importance to his ambitions, invites him to play a board game called Latrunculi, but Lucretia jealously disapproves of the two men sharing wine. Meanwhile, Naevia has troubles with the guard she stole the key from, and risks all to share time with Crixus. At the party a now revived Ilithyia, still haunted by memories of the murder, seduces Numerius and has him switch Spartacus's opponent to Varro. Despite it being an exhibition match, Numerius further surprises by not granting mercy to Varro, forcing Spartacus to reluctantly kill his only friend. Later that night, after Batiatus' interest in politics is dismissed by Calavius, he vows blood revenge for his fighter's death. Distraught with grief, Spartacus returns to his cell and vents his rage until Mira comes in to comfort him.
1111"Old Wounds"Glenn StandringStory by : Dan Filie & Patricia WellsApril 9, 2010 (2010-04-09)SPS1111.13[1]
Spartacus is continually haunted by the death of his friend and admits to Varro's wife, Aurelia, that he died by his sword. At the same time, Batiatus fakes another bandit raid and kidnaps Magistrate Calavius, holding him captive in the city sewers. Meanwhile, a festering wound from the fight with Varro weakens Spartacus, and while he recuperates with the help of the medicus and Mira, more visions of the dead haunt his feverish dreams. In the arena, Crixus reclaims some of his lost glory when he is needed in the primus against Pompeius' unbeaten champion, Pericles – a fight he narrowly wins. Later, in the infirmary, Spartacus throttles Aulus, Sura's killer (having noticed he had no actual wound as suffered in her attack), and learns that Batiatus ordered her death. Batiatus' scheming comes to fruition as he, with the cunning help of Ashur, is able to successfully entrap Solonius for Calavius' murder.
1212"Revelations"Michael HurstBrent FletcherApril 16, 2010 (2010-04-16)SPS1121.29[1]
In the arena, Crixus continues his winning streak, and Spartacus kills the condemned Solonius. Spartacus also plots vengeance, but is warned by Mira that any attack on the master risks the life of all slaves. When finally granted an audience with Batiatus, he stays his hand when he notices Varro's widow, Aurelia, now working as a debt-slave. The ludus later awaits the arrival of Ilithyia and her husband Claudius Glaber, and Batiatus ends up being irked by Glaber's bluntness, but also surprised by his wife's pregnancy. Meanwhile, Spartacus fights against Glaber's soldiers, and Ashur's vengeful scheming finally exposes the relationship between Crixus and Naevia, leading to a scene. When Glaber refuses to sponsor Batiatus, he and Lucretia desperately reveal Ilithyia's hand in Licinia's murder and Glaber is forced to acquiesce. In the end, Crixus is flogged while Naevia is sold – but before leaving, she tells Doctore the truth behind Barca's "freedom".
1313"Kill Them All"Jesse WarnSteven S. DeKnightApril 23, 2010 (2010-04-23)SPS1131.23[1]
In front of the Capuan elite assembled on the balcony of the ludus, Crixus and Spartacus fight to the death, a bout arranged by Batiatus for their sport. However, two days earlier, Spartacus endeavors to enlist the help of the rest of the gladiators to lead a revolt to destroy the house of Batiatus once and for all. Spartacus gains support from Mira, who is tasked with opening the gate, but Crixus resists in hopes of reuniting with Naevia. Meanwhile, Doctore (whose real name is revealed to be Oenomaus) confronts Batiatus about Barca's death and Ashur's hand in it. Later, during the duel, after learning he was given poison to ensure Spartacus' victory, Crixus finally joins the revolt. In the melee, Doctore initially stops Spartacus from killing Batiatus, but Crixus persuades him to join them just as Ilithyia escapes by having her husband's soldiers seal the villa doors. Doctore tries to kill Ashur but he escapes, and Crixus stabs Lucretia, killing their unborn child. Aurelia knifes Numerius in revenge for Varro, and Spartacus confronts and kills Batiatus. After the massacre, he vows to rid Rome of slavery, and all the slaves escape the ludus.
  • The season premiere was simulcast on both Starz and Encore. On Encore, the premiere garnered 580,000 viewers.[2]

Production

edit

On December 22, 2009, the show was renewed for a second season but its production was postponed after Andy Whitfield was diagnosed with early-stage non-Hodgkin lymphoma.[3][4] Starz announced in May 2010 that it would develop a six-episode prequel series, entitled Spartacus: Gods of the Arena, to allow star actor Whitfield to undergo medical treatment.[5] The prequel featured both new and returning characters; it was headlined by John Hannah (as Batiatus) and Lucy Lawless (as Lucretia). Whitfield also provided a brief voice-over role. Filming began in New Zealand in the Summer of 2009. The prequel aired beginning January 2011.[6]

In June 2010, season two's pre-production resumed after Starz announced Whitfield was cancer-free.[7] But when his cancer recurred, Starz replaced Whitfield (with the actor's consent) with Liam McIntyre as Spartacus for season two which is titled Spartacus: Vengeance.[8][9][10] Andy Whitfield died on September 11, 2011.

International broadcast

edit

Three days after the US premiere, the series began airing in Canada on TMN beginning on January 25, 2010.[11] RTL 5 announced in their January newsletter that Spartacus: Blood and Sand would debut in the Netherlands in March 2010.[12] In the United Kingdom, Bravo began airing the series on May 25, 2010.[13][14] Following the axe of the Bravo network on UK television, Sky1 picked up the rights to the series with plans to carry all subsequent seasons. The series was also scheduled to premiere in Poland on HBO Poland starting from June 19, 2010[15] and in Hungary on HBO Magyarország starting from June 1, 2010.[16][17] The series aired in Ireland on TV3.[18] In Brazil, the show aired on Globosat HD. In Turkey the show releases on CNBC-E TV, while in Italy Sky Television gained the rights of the series. In India and Pakistan, the show aired (as of June 2011) on HBO.[citation needed] In Slovenia, the series started airing on Kanal A on January 2, 2012, from Monday to Friday at 9.45 pm, and ended January 18, 2012.

Reception

edit

The premiere episode of the series set a record for Starz, with 553,000 viewers on their network, and another 460,000 on Encore, where the show was available only that weekend. For the rest of the season the show had an average of 1.285 million viewers. Critical reception of the first episode was mixed; the review aggregate website Metacritic which assigns a normalized average score out of 100 gave the show a score of 54% based on 22 reviews.[19] Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly gave it the grade B+, saying it "might prove to be the not-at-all-guilty pleasure of the season."[20] Barry Garron of The Hollywood Reporter suggested that with "such thin stories... it's small wonder that sex and violence are used to take up the slack." Robert Lloyd of the Los Angeles Times wrote that John Hannah as Batiatus "keeps the show grounded with a persuasive portrait of a man engaged in a stressful daily business" and called Whitfield as Spartacus "handsome and buff and smart and beastly."[21] Mark Perigard of the Boston Herald gave the season finale a positive review, rating it a B+. He commented on the improvement of the series throughout its first season.[22]

Other media

edit

Novels

edit

In 2012 Titan Books announced the publication of a series of novels based on Spartacus: Blood and Sand. The first, titled Spartacus: Swords & Ashes, was written by J.M. Clements and released on January 3, 2012.[23] The second book in the series was Spartacus: Morituri by Mark Morris.

Board game

edit

In 2012 Gale Force Nine announced the creation of a licensed board game based on the series. The English language release, Spartacus: A Game of Blood and Treachery, had a limited release at Gen Con 2012 and a general release to game and hobby stores on September 28, 2012.[24] Gameplay involves players taking on the role of Dominus, or head of a Roman house in ancient Rome, buying and trading assets, scheming with and against the other players, and battling in the arena.[25] In May 2013 an expansion entitled Spartacus: The Serpents and the Wolf was released.[26] The expansion allows for two extra players (to an updated maximum of six) with the addition of two more houses and includes alternative rules allowing for group battles in the arena.[27]

Comics

edit

Earlier, in 2009, Devil's Due had published a four-part prequel comic series titled Spartacus - Blood and Sand. Each issue spotlighted a character from the planned television series, mostly the minor gladiator rivals of the main cast.[28]

The series was adapted as a 4-part motion comic adaptation called Spartacus – Blood and Sand – Motion Comic. Ray Park and Heath Freeman were cast. Kyle Newman was the director, and the producers were Andy Collen and Jeff Krelitz.[29][30][31][32]


# Title Spotlights Writer Artist Run Time (Motion Comic)
1 Upon the Sands of Vengeance Arkadios, the Red Serpent Steven S. DeKnight Adam Archer 16 minutes
2 Shadows of the Jackal The Gargan Twins Jimmy Palmiotti Dexter Soy 16 minutes
3 The Beast of Carthage Barca, the Beast of Carthage Todd & Aaron Helbing Jon Bosco & Guilherme Balbi 9 minutes
4 The Shadow of Death Theokoles, the Shadow of Death Miranda Kwok Allan Jefferson 12 minutes

References

edit
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Seidman, Robert (April 19, 2010). ""Spartacus: Blood and Sand" Season Finale, "Kill Them All" Sees Ratings Highs With Adults 18–49". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on November 15, 2010. Retrieved February 22, 2010.
  2. ^ Berman, Marc (April 26, 2010). "Spartacus Ratings". Mediaweek. Archived from the original on January 6, 2011. Retrieved July 6, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  3. ^ IGN.com
  4. ^ "Spartacus Halts Production Of Season 2". IGN. News Corporation. March 9, 2010. Retrieved March 9, 2010.
  5. ^ "Starz Homepage".
  6. ^ MacIntyre, April (May 11, 2010). "Spartacus Prequel announced by Starz, Whitfield to star". Monsters and Critics. Archived from the original on November 25, 2010. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  7. ^ Andreeva, Nellie (June 8, 2010). "'Spartacus' Star Andy Whitfield Is Cancer-Free & Ready To Return To The Starz Series". Deadline. Retrieved July 14, 2010.
  8. ^ Andreeva, Nellie (September 18, 2010). "'Spartacus' Star Andy Whitfield's Cancer Is Back: Won't Return Next Season To Series". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved September 18, 2010.
  9. ^ Crumpley, Elliot (January 18, 2011). "Liam McIntyre confirmed to take over Spartacus role". College News. Archived from the original on July 24, 2011. Retrieved January 18, 2011.
  10. ^ Video on YouTube
  11. ^ "Spartacus: Blood And Sand – Schedule". The Movie Network. Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
  12. ^ "Programmering en Sales Promoties" [Programming and Sales Promotions] (in Dutch). Retrieved January 23, 2010. RTL 5 ends the week with a double episode of the spectacular new series Spartacus: Blood & Sand.
  13. ^ "Preview: Spartacus – Blood and Sand". Beehive City. April 27, 2010. Archived from the original on November 30, 2010. Retrieved September 27, 2010.
  14. ^ "Spartacus fights his way to UK pay-TV" (Press release). March 8, 2010. Archived from the original on March 10, 2010. Retrieved March 8, 2010.
  15. ^ "Spartakus: Krew i piach, odc. 1 – HBO Polska". Hbo.pl. Archived from the original on August 1, 2012. Retrieved September 27, 2010.
  16. ^ "Spartacus: Vér és homok 1. – HBO Magyarország". Hbo.hu. Retrieved September 27, 2010.
  17. ^ "SPARTACUS: BLOOD AND SAND / Spartacus: Vér és homok". HBO Magyarország. Retrieved May 19, 2010.
  18. ^ "Spartacus – TV3". The TV3 Group. Retrieved August 10, 2010.
  19. ^ "Spartacus: Blood and Sand". Metacritic. CBS. Retrieved January 27, 2010.
  20. ^ Tucker, Ken (January 20, 2010). "Spartacus: Blood and Sand (2010)". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on January 25, 2010. Retrieved January 27, 2010.
  21. ^ Lloyd, Robert (January 22, 2010). "Review: 'Spartacus: Blood and Sand' on Starz". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 11, 2010.
  22. ^ Perigard, Mark A. (April 16, 2010). "'Spartacus' season finale is a bloody good time". Boston Herald. Archived from the original on April 19, 2010. Retrieved April 30, 2010.
  23. ^ "'Spartacus' Spins Off Book Series From Titan Books". TheHollywoodReporter.com. January 13, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  24. ^ "GF9 release Spartacus: A Game of Blood & Treachery". GF9.com. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
  25. ^ "Spartacus: A Game of Blood & Treachery". Retrieved December 24, 2013.
  26. ^ "Spartacus: The Serpents and the Wolf shipping now!". Retrieved December 24, 2012.
  27. ^ Melia, Luke. "Spartacus: The Serpents and the Wolf". Retrieved December 24, 2013.
  28. ^ "Devil's Due, Starz announce joint "Spartacus: Blood and Sand" project". ComicBookResources.com. April 24, 2009. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  29. ^ "Spartacus: Blood and Sand – The Motion Comic". TV.com. Retrieved January 8, 2012.
  30. ^ "Spartacus Motion Comic". Manga. Archived from the original on February 2, 2012. Retrieved January 8, 2012.
  31. ^ "Spartacus: Blood and Sand – Motion Comic". Youtube. Retrieved January 8, 2012.
  32. ^ "Spartacus: Blood and Sand – The Motion Comic". Hulu.com. Retrieved January 8, 2012.
edit
 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Spartacus: Blood and Sand.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spartacus:_Blood_and_Sand&oldid=1242034518"