A patronal feast or patronal festival[a][3] (Spanish: fiesta patronal; Catalan: festa patronal; Portuguese: festa patronal; Italian: festa patronale; French: fête patronale) is a yearly celebration dedicated – in countries influenced by Christianity – to the 'heavenly advocate' or 'patron' of the location holding the festival, who is a saint or virgin. The day of this celebration is called patronal feast day, patronal day or patron day[4] of said location.
Patronal festivals may reflect national holidays (e.g. the feast of Saint George, patron saint of England, Georgia, Bulgaria, Romania, Portugal, and various regions of Spain), but they usually reflect the celebration of a single city or town. In larger cities, there may even be several festivals, usually about the patron saint of the local parish.
Celebration
editDepending on the budget and tradition, patronal festivals may typically run from one day to one week, though some festivals may exceed that length. The festivities usually include religious processions honoring its Catholic heritage. However, elements of local culture have been incorporated as well.
Usually, town members adorn the town streets with colorful decorations and other things.
Most patronal festivals feature traditional fairs known as verbenas (Italian: sagra, plural: sagre), possibly including elements typical of the travelling carnivals. They feature parades, artisans, street vendors, regional food stands, amusement rides, games, and live entertainment, among other things.[5] There are usually alcoholic beverages – wine and beer – and music and dancing, either organized or spontaneously; in Southern Italy and Argentina, for example, folk dances known as tarantellas are very common.[6]
In Europe
editAustria and Germany
editYou can help expand this section with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (October 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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France
editYou can help expand this section with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (February 2021) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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Italy
editYou can help expand this section with text translated from the corresponding article in Italian. (February 2021) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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The Italian national patronal day, on 4 October, celebrates Saints Francis and Catherine. Each city or town also celebrates a public holiday on the occasion of the festival of the local patron saint,[7] for example: Rome on 29 June (Saints Peter and Paul), Milan on 7 December (Saint Ambrose), Naples on 19 September (Saint Januarius), Venice on 25 April (Saint Mark the Evangelist) and Florence on 24 June (Saint John the Baptist). Notable traditional patronal festivals in Italy are the Feast of Saints Francis and Catherine, the Festival of Saint Agatha, the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul, the Feast of San Gennaro and the Feast of Our Lady of the Hens.
- Examples
- Feast of Our Lady of the Hens on the Second Sunday of Easter in Pagani, Campania
- Feast of Saints Francis and Catherine
- Feast of San Gennaro
Spain
editYou can help expand this section with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish. (February 2021) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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- Examples
- Fiestas del Pilar around 12 October in Zaragoza
- La Mercè around 24 September in Barcelona
- Fallas, with main events from 15 until 19 March (Saint Joseph's day), but including pyrotechnic spectacles every day from 1 to 19 March[8]
- Bonfires of Saint John around 24 June in Alicante
- Festival of San Fermín around 7 July in Pamplona, actually spanning from 6 July[9] to 14 July[10]
- San Isidro Labrador around 15 May in rural areas mostly in Extremadura and Andalusia, but also in Madrid.
Wales
editIn Latin America
editPuerto Rico
editMost Latin American countries dedicate the first day to the saint or virgin being celebrated, the others to entertainment, but in the US territory of Puerto Rico the musical and entertainment festivities begin right away.
Further examples
edit
- Feast of Saint Francis of Assisi on 4 October, in Yucuaquín (El Salvador),[11] in Somerville, Massachusetts (US) and in Italy
- Festa de São João do Porto around 23 June in Porto (Portugal)
Serbia
editIn Serbian culture, instead of local patron saints, people celebrate family's patron saints. These celebrations are known as 'slava' in Serbia.[12]
See also
editNotes and references
editNotes
edit- ^ By definition, a feast is a "day of commemoration set aside for an important personage, such as a saint" while a festival is a "period of celebration often centered around a religious feast day or a holiday." A feast, then, is a one-day celebration focused on its one special personage; the focus of a festival is much wider.[1][2]
References
edit- ^ Wismar, Greg (7 October 2011). "Feast or Festival?". The Lutheran Witness. Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ "Feasts, Festivals, And Fasts". Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ "patronal". lexico.com. Dictionary.com & Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ "patron day". lexico.com. Dictionary.com & Oxford University Press. Retrieved 26 February 2021.[dead link]
- ^ Rivera, Magaly. "Patron Saint Festivals". Welcome to Puerto Rico!. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
- ^ Inserra, Incoronata (2017). Global tarantella : reinventing southern Italian folk music and dances. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-08283-2.
- ^ "Festività nazionali in Italia" (in Italian). Italian Embassy in London. Archived from the original on 24 June 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
- ^ "Fallas of Valencia". Visit Valencia. 26 January 2024. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
- ^ ""THE CHUPINAZO" AND "THE POBRE DE MÍ"". Ayuntamiento de Pamplona. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
- ^ "THE "ENCIERRO" (BULLRUN)". Ayuntamiento de Pamplona. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
- ^ "El baile de los negritos – Fiesta Patronal de San Francisco" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ^ "Patron saint day". Serbia.com. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
External links
edit
- "Fiestas Patronales Dominicanas" (in Spanish). 7 June 2007. Archived from the original on 14 June 2007. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
- "Fiestas Patronales". Aprende Guatemala.com. Cultura Guatemalteca (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 March 2022.