Paul James Rainey (September 18, 1877 – September 18, 1923) was an American businessman, philanthropist, hunter, and photographer.
Biography
edit
Paul James Rainey was born September 18, 1877, in Cleveland, Ohio, the fifth of Eleanor Beatty (née Mitchell) and William J. Rainey's five children.[1]
Scion of a wealthy family whose fortune came from coal and coke production, Rainey earned a reputation as a playboy. He invested in numerous personal projects, including his Tippah Lodge in Mississippi, a hotel, prize horses, and private railroad cars.
Although he owned other residences, he favored Tippah Lodge, his sprawling estate in rural Mississippi.[2][3]
Rainey was active with the American Geographical Society, American Museum of Natural History, the New York Zoological Society, and the Smithsonian Institution, among other organizations.
Rejected by the military for health reasons, Rainey purchased an ambulance and drove it on the Western Front during World War I.
African expedition films
editPaul J. Rainey's African Hunt
edit
After the war, Rainey hunted big game in Africa. He and his team filmed some of the earliest film footage of African animals in the wild. In 1912, they released the six-reel documentary film Paul J. Rainey's African Hunt.[4]
Rainey's silent film grossed over a half-million dollars (equivalent to $15,786,207 in 2023), an extraordinary sum for an early motion picture. It was one of the most successful non-fiction films of the decade.[4] Rainey's safari team included a photographer and a taxidermist from the Smithsonian Institution.[5] The success of Rainey's films led to a boom in expedition and nature films.[6] These were silent films, so many of these films were at first presented by a lecturer in a lyceum-like context.[5]
The Library of Congress has a copy of the film in its paper print collection. Producer Joseph P. Bickerton, Jr. organized the Jungle Film Corporation to buy and commercialize Rainey's African hunt footage. These films were the first motion pictures to be produced at regular theater prices and were successful in the US and abroad.[7]
Heart of the Jungle
editRainey's five-reel African expedition film Heart of the Jungle was playing in US theaters during 1919.[8][9] Edward Bernays's pioneering public relations firm publicized it.[9] A promotional newspaper article said that Heart of the Jungle included footage of lions, buffalo, and rhinoceroses.[8] The article also described an introduction with footage of the Arctic, the Forbidden City, and "Czecho-Slovaks crossing Siberia" (Rainey served as the official photographer for the Czech army in Sibera).[10]
Death and burial
editHe died on his forty-sixth birthday in 1923 of a cerebral hemorrhage. The death occurred while Rainey was en route from England to South Africa, where he had planned to hunt. He was buried at sea.
Legacy
editAfter his death, Rainey's family set aside 26,000 acres (110 km2) of his marshland as a wildfowl refuge. Located in coastal south Louisiana, the refuge, known as the Paul J. Rainey Wildlife Sanctuary, is owned by the National Audubon Society.[2] His sister commissioned the Rainey Memorial Gates at the Bronx Zoo in Bronx Park, New York City, as a memorial.[11]
See also
editFurther reading
edit- Holliday, Peyton Elizabeth, (3 October 2022) Paul J. Rainey: Northeast Mississippi's Hidden Legend https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/masters/922/
References
edit- ^ Danny Murry, "The Amazing Paul Rainey," http://prb.datalane.net/prbamaz.htm. Retrieved October 20, 2009.
- ^ a b "Paul J. Rainey Estate – Tippah Lodge," http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~mstippah/Raineyestate.html. Retrieved October 20, 2009.
- ^ "Big Game Hunter in Faulkner Country". September 7, 2012. Retrieved October 20, 2009.
- ^ a b "Rainey's African Hunt: A bloody 1912 movie blockbuster". September 7, 2012. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
- ^ a b Goldman, Tonya (2016). The Documentary Film Reader: History, Theory, Criticism. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190459321. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
- ^ "New "Civilization" Press Agent" (PDF). Pacific Coast Musical Review, Volume 26. San Francisco, California: New Moving Picture Review. December 12, 1914. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
- ^ Meet JP Bickerton, Jr. The New York Times. September 11, 1932
- ^ a b "Jungle Secrets Portrayed in Rainey Film at Kalurah". The Record. Johnson City, New York. October 4, 1919.
- ^ a b Bernays, Edward (1965). biography of an idea: memoirs of public relations counsel Edward L. Bernays. New York: Simon & Schuster.
- ^ "Archives related to: Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919". Archives Directory for the History of Collecting in America. The Frick Collection. Edmund Heller Papers, circa 1898-1918. Retrieved December 15, 2023.
- ^ Stephen S. Lash (May 1971). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Rainey Memorial Gates". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Archived from the original on September 29, 2011. Retrieved January 12, 2011.