Herman Paul Pressler III (June 4, 1930 – June 7, 2024) was an American politician and judge who was a justice of the Texas 14th Circuit Court of Appeals in his native Houston, Texas. Pressler was a key figure in the conservative resurgence of the Southern Baptist Convention, which he initiated in 1978. He was accused of sexual misconduct or assault by at least seven men, some of whom were underage at the time of the alleged activity.[1][2]
Paul Pressler | |
|---|---|
| Judge of the 14th Texas Court of Appeals | |
| In office 1978 – 1992 | |
| Judge of the 133rd Judicial District in Harris County | |
| In office 1970 – 1978 | |
| Member of the Texas House of Representatives for Harris County | |
| In office January 8, 1957 – January 13, 1959 | |
| Preceded by | James Watson Yancy Jr. |
| Succeeded by | Roger Daily |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Herman Paul Pressler III June 4, 1930 Houston, Texas, U.S. |
| Died | June 7, 2024 (aged 94) |
| Political party | Republican (after 1982) |
| Other political affiliations | Democratic (before 1982) |
| Spouse |
Nancy Avery (m. 1959) |
| Children | 3 |
| Education | |
| Known for | Southern Baptist Convention conservative resurgence |
Early life and education
editPressler was born on June 4, 1930, to Herman P. Pressler Jr. and Elsie Pressler. His father was the vice president of Exxon and his mother helped found the Baptist church the family attended. He attended The Kinkaid School, later transferring to Phillips Exeter Academy at the age of sixteen.[3][1] Pressler studied government as an undergraduate student at Princeton University, graduating in 1952.[1] He received his law degree from the University of Texas School of Law.[1]
In 1959, Pressler married Nancy Avery, and they had three children.[1]
Political career
editOn January 8, 1957, Pressler became Texas State Representative for Harris County, until January 13, 1959.[4] He was elected as a Democrat, and remained a member of the party until joining the Republican Party in 1982.[1]
In 1970, Pressler became judge of the 133rd Judicial District in Harris County, until 1978.[4] In 1978, he became judge of the Texas 14th Circuit Court of Appeals in his native Houston, Texas, until 1992.[4]
In 1988, he became president of the Council for National Policy (CNP), a conservative advocacy group, until 1990.[4] The Southern Poverty Law Center describes CNP as a shadowy, secretive group that "is a key venue where mainstream conservatives and extremists mix."[5]
Anne Nelson's 2021 book, Shadow Network, alleges that Pressler convinced the senior Republican Party leadership to attempt the same practices to establish minority as in the SBC, one-party control of the United States federal government.[6]
Ministry
editIn 1967, Pressler and Paige Patterson met in New Orleans to plan a political strategy to elect conservative convention presidents and in turn members of Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) boards.[7]
In 1978, Pressler along with W. A. Criswell, Adrian Rogers and Paige Patterson, met with a group of determined conservative and Republican pastors and laymen at a hotel near the Atlanta airport to launch the resurgence.[8] The Atlanta group determined to elect Rogers, pastor of Bellevue Baptist Church in Memphis, Tennessee, as the first Conservative Resurgence president of the convention.[3]
In 1984, he was nominated on the SBC Executive Committee until 1991 and on the International Mission Board in 1992 until 2000.[4] In 2004, he was elected vice-president of the Southern Baptist Convention.[9]
During his time as a leader of the SBC, Pressler was instrumental in pushing its 47,000 churches to adopt literal interpretations of the Bible, strongly denounce LGBTQIA+ acceptance, ban women from preaching, align with the Republican party's political stances and goals, and help members of the GOP get elected into public office.[10][11][12]
In 2009, Louisiana College in Pineville, Louisiana, announced that its new law school to be constructed would be named in Pressler's honor. However, for financial reasons, the project was suspended in 2013.[13]
Sexual misconduct allegations
editIn April 2018, the Houston Chronicle reported that Pressler was accused by Toby Twining and lawyer Brooks Schott of sexual misconduct in separate court affidavits. Both men said Pressler molested or solicited them for sex. In the Chronicle report, Toby Twining was a teenager in 1977 when Pressler, a youth pastor at Bethel Church in Houston, grabbed his penis in a sauna at Houston's River Oaks Country Club.[14] The next year, Pressler was ousted from his position after church officials received information about "an alleged incident."[12]
Brooks Schott also stated in an affidavit that he resigned his position at Pressler's former law firm after Pressler invited him to get into a hot tub with him naked. Brooks also accused Jared Woodfill, Pressler's longtime law partner in their firm Woodfill & Pressler LLP, who from 2002 to 2014 was chairman of the Harris County Republican Party, of failing to prevent Pressler's sexual advances toward him and others claiming his indiscretions were well-known at the firm.[14] Woodfill provided sworn testimony that he had known of a child sexual abuse allegation against Pressler since 2004.[10]
Woodfill also testified that instead of paying Pressler a salary, their firm would provide personal assistants—mostly young men—to work out of Pressler's River Oaks mansion. Two of these former assistants have gone on to accuse Pressler of sexual assault or misconduct.[10]
In 2017, Pressler's former assistant Gareld Duane Rollins Jr. filed a lawsuit claiming he was regularly raped by the conservative leader. Rollins met Pressler in high school and was part of a Bible study Pressler led. Rollins claims he was raped two to three times a month while at Pressler's home.[15] According to the Chronicle, Pressler agreed in 2004 to pay $450,000 to Rollins for physical assault.[16] Southern Baptist leader Paige Patterson is also named in the suit, for helping Pressler cover up the abuse.[17] The SBC settled the Rollins case out of court for an undisclosed sum and the case was dismissed with prejudice on December 28, 2023.[18]
In 2019, after the scandals of sexual abuse accusations involving Pressler and sexual abuse cover-ups involving Paige Patterson, the Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary removed the stained glass windows depicting the actors of the conservative resurgence, located in the MacGorman Chapel and opened in 2011.[19]
In May 2022, Guidepost Solutions released an independent report stating that Pressler was the defendant in a civil lawsuit alleging that he repeatedly abused the plaintiff beginning when the plaintiff was 14. Two other men submitted affidavits accusing Pressler of sexual misconduct.[20]
By December 2023, seven men accused Pressler of sexually abusing them.[21]
Death
editPressler died on June 7, 2024, three days after his 94th birthday. His death was not reported until June 15, the day of his funeral service.[22] No prominent SBC leaders would comment about Pressler's death during the annual SBC conference which was held around the time of his death.[22]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f Bailey, Sarah Pulliam (June 16, 2024). "Paul Pressler, Disgraced Christian Conservative Leader, Dies at 94". New York Times. Archived from the original on June 17, 2024. Retrieved June 16, 2024.
- ^ Downen, Robert (March 27, 2023). "Houston GOP activist knew for years of child sex abuse claims against Southern Baptist leader, law partner". The Texas Tribune. Archived from the original on June 17, 2024. Retrieved March 27, 2023.
- ^ a b Adams, Liam; Gang, Duane (June 16, 2024). "Paul Pressler, ex-Christian conservative leader accused of sexual abuse, dies at 94". USA Today. Archived from the original on June 17, 2024. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
- ^ a b c d e Todd Starnes, Paul Pressler to be nominated for SBC first vice president Archived June 17, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, baptistpress.com, USA, March 26, 2002
- ^ "The Council for National Policy: Behind the Curtain". Southern Poverty Law Center. Archived from the original on January 12, 2021. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
- ^ Nelson, Anne (2019). Shadow Network: Media, Money, and the Secret Hub of the Radical Right. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781635573190.
- ^ Jacob Lupfer, Shadows in the stained glass: Patterson and Pressler chapel windows come down Archived June 17, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, religionnews.com, USA, April 11, 2019
- ^ R. Albert Mohler, Jr., The Southern Baptist Reformation—A First-Hand Account Archived June 17, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, christianpost.com, USA, May 31, 2005
- ^ Smietana, Bob (June 15, 2024). "Paul Pressler, SBC legend accused of abuse, is dead at 94". Religion News Service. Archived from the original on June 17, 2024. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
- ^ a b c Downen, Robert (March 27, 2023). "Houston GOP activist knew for years of child sex abuse claims against Southern Baptist leader, law partner". The Texas Tribune. Archived from the original on June 17, 2024. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
- ^ "Longtime Southern Baptist leader Paul Pressler, who was accused of sexual abuse, dies at 94". AP News. June 16, 2024. Archived from the original on June 17, 2024. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
- ^ a b Downen, Robert (December 29, 2023). "Southern Baptist Convention settles high-profile lawsuit that accused former leader of sexual abuse". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
- ^ Christopher Schelin, New speaker of the House once led never-opened Paul Pressler School of Law Archived October 30, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, baptistnews.com, USA, October 25, 2023
- ^ a b Downen, Robert (April 13, 2018). "More men accuse former Texas judge, Baptist leader of sexual misconduct". Houston Chronicle. Archived from the original on May 6, 2018. Retrieved May 5, 2018.
- ^ Flynn, Meagan (December 27, 2017). "Houston man's lawsuit alleges retired judge sexually assaulted him". Houston Chronicle. Archived from the original on May 6, 2018. Retrieved May 5, 2018.
- ^ Downen, Robert (February 6, 2019). "Lawsuit against ex-judge, Southern Baptist churches drawing to a close". Houston Chronicle. Archived from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
- ^ Merritt, Jonathan (May 3, 2018). "The Scandal Tearing Apart America's Largest Protestant Denomination". The Atlantic. Retrieved February 11, 2019.
- ^ Adams, Liam (December 29, 2023). "Southern Baptist Convention settles in abuse case against Paul Pressler, case dismissed". The Tennessean. Archived from the original on June 17, 2024. Retrieved December 30, 2023.
- ^ Bob Allen, Seminary removes stained glass windows celebrating conservative takeover of SBC Archived November 6, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, baptistnews.com, USA, April 12, 2019
- ^ "Report of the Independent Investigation: The Southern Baptist Convention Executive Committee's Response to Sexual Abuse Allegations and an Audit of the Procedures and Actions of the Credentials Committee" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on June 17, 2024. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ^ Downen, Robert (December 29, 2023). "Southern Baptist Convention settles high-profile lawsuit that accused former leader of sexual abuse". Texas Tribune. Retrieved June 16, 2024.
- ^ a b Downen, Robert (June 15, 2024). "Paul Pressler, a former Southern Baptist leader accused of sexual abuse, dead at 94". Texas Tribune. Archived from the original on June 17, 2024. Retrieved June 16, 2024.