Paul of Aegina

Paul of Aegina or Paulus Aegineta (Greek: Παῦλος Αἰγινήτης; Aegina, c. 625 – c. 690) was a 7th-century Byzantine Greek physician best known for writing the medical encyclopedia Medical Compendium in Seven Books. He is considered the “Father of Early Medical Writing”.^[1] For many years in the Byzantine Empire, his works contained the sum of all Western medical knowledge and was unrivaled in its accuracy and completeness.^[2]

Life

Nothing is known about his life, except that he was born in the island of Aegina, and that he travelled a good deal, visiting, among other places, Alexandria.^[3] He is sometimes called Iatrosophistes and Periodeutes, a word which probably means a physician who travelled from place to place in the exercise of his profession. The exact time when he lived is not known; but, as he quotes Alexander of Tralles,^[4] and is himself quoted by Yahya ibn Sarafyun (Serapion the Elder),^[5] it is probable that Abu-al-Faraj is correct in placing him in the latter half of the 7th century.^[6]

Works

The Suda says he wrote several medical works, of which the principal one is still extant, with no exact title, but is commonly called Medical Compendium in Seven Books (Greek: Ἐπιτομῆς Ἰατρικῆς βιβλία ἑπτά, Epitomes iatrikes biblia hepta).^[7] This work is chiefly a compilation from earlier writers;^[8] indeed its Greek title proclaims that it is an epitome of medicine, "epitomes iatrikes."

William Alexander Greenhill wrote that his reputation in the Islamic world seems to have been very great, and it is said that he was especially consulted by midwives, whence he received the name of Al-kawabeli or "the Accoucheur."^[9] He is said by the Arabic writers to have written a work, "De Mulierum Morbis," and another, "De Puerulorum Vivendi Ratione atque Curatione." His great work was translated into Arabic by Hunayn ibn Ishaq.^[9]

The sixth book on surgery in particular was referenced in Europe and the Arab world throughout the Middle Ages,^[10] and is of special interest for surgical history. The whole work in the original Greek was published in Venice in 1528, and another edition appeared in Basel in 1538. Several Latin translations were published.^[11] Its first full translation into English, was by Francis Adams in 1834.^[12]

In this work he describes the operation to fix a hernia similar to modern techniques writing, "After making the incision to the extent of three fingers' breadth transversely across the tumor to the groin, and removing the membranes and fat, and the peritoneum being exposed in the middle where it is raised up to a point, let the knob of the probe be applied by which the intestines will be pressed deep down. The prominence, then, of the peritoneum, formed on each side of the knob of the probe, are to be joined together by sutures, and then we extract the probe, neither cutting the peritoneum nor removing the testicle, nor anything else, but curing it with applications used for fresh wounds."^[13]

Honours

In 1753, botanist Carl Linnaeus published Aeginetia, which is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Orobanchaceae and native mostly to tropical Asia. It was named in Paul of Aegina's honour.^[14]

Notes

^ Güzey, Demet (2019-09-15). Mustard: A Global History. Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-78914-175-7.
^ Jütte, Robert (2008-05-12). Contraception: A History. Polity. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-7456-3270-4.
^ Smith 1870, p. 152 cites: Paul of Aegina, iv. 49, p. 526
^ Smith 1870, p. 152 cites: Paul of Aegina, iii. 28, 78, pp. 447, 495, vii. 5, 11, 19, pp. 650, 660, 687
^ Smith 1870, p. 152 cites: Ibn Sarafyun, Pract. vii. 9, pp. 73, 74, ed. Lugd. 1525
^ Smith 1870, p. 152 cites: Abu-al-Faraj, Hist. Dynast. p. 114.
^ "Digital German edition". University and State Library Düsseldorf.
^ Smith 1870, p. 152.
^ ^a ^b Smith 1870, p. 153.
^ Pormann 2004.
^ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Aegineta, Paulus". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 254.
^ Aegineta 1834, p. v (The Editor's Prefix).
^ Aegineta, Paulus (1921–24). Medical Epitome. Leipzig and Berlin: Heiberg. pp. 9–17.
^ "Aeginetia". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 20 May 2020.

References

Aegineta, Paulus (1834). Adams, Francis (ed.). The Medical Works of Paulus Aegineta, the Greek Physician: Tr. Into English; with a Copious Commentary Containing a Comprehensive View of the Knowledge Possessed by the Greeks, Romans, and Arabians, on All Subjects Connected with Medicine and Surgery. Vol. 1 (First ed.). Welsh, Treuttel, Würtz. (Paulus (Aegineta_; Adams, Francis (1834). The Medical Works of Paulus Aegineta, the Greek Physician: Tr. Into English; with a Copious Commentary Containing a Comprehensive View of the Knowledge Possessed by the Greeks, Romans, and Arabians, on All Subjects Connected with Medicine and Surgery.)
Keyser, Paul T.; Irby-Massie, Georgia L. (2012-11-12). Encyclopedia of Ancient Natural Scientists: The Greek Tradition and its Many Heirs. Routledge. ISBN 9781134298020. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
Pormann, Peter E. (2004). The Oriental Tradition of Paul of Aegina's Pragmateia. BRILL. ISBN 9789004137578. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
al-Zahrāwī, Abū al-Qāsim Khalaf ibn ʻAbbās (1973). مقالة في العمل باليد: A Definitive Edition of the Arabic Text. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520015326. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870). "Paulus Aegineta". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. 3. pp. 146, 152, 153.