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Pavle Omčikus (1912—1942), nicknamed Pajo or Pajica,[citation needed] was a leader of the Serbian rebels during the July 1941 Srb uprising in the Independent State of Croatia. He later commanded the royalist Chetnik Regiment "King Peter II" and collaborated with Italian occupiers. He was killed in Partisan custody in March 1942.
Pavle Omčikus | |
|---|---|
| Native name | Павле Омчикус |
| Nickname(s) | Pajo or Pajica[citation needed] |
| Born | 1912 Srb, Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | March 1942 Krbavica, Independent State of Croatia (modern-day Croatia) |
| Allegiance |  Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1933–1934) Chetniks (1941–1942) |
| Commands | Chetnik Regiment "King Peter II" |
| Battles / wars | Srb uprising |
Early life
editPavle Omčikus was born in 1912 in Srb in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, Austria-Hungary. His father was named Gajo, and his mother Marija. Omčikus' family was well known in the region, as Pavle's father and grandfather were presidents of a Serb municipality.[1] Omčikus completed elementary school in Srb and a gymnasium in Gospić. He served in the Royal Yugoslav Army in Meljine in Kotor Bay from 1933 to 1934. He was a supporter of the social liberal Independent Democratic Party,[2] but later joined the far-right Yugoslav Radical Union (Serbian: Југословенска Радикална Заједница).[3]
World War II
editUprising
editAt the beginning of the Srb uprising, Omčikus—together with Pera Rajak, Miloš Torbica, and other rebels—attacked Srb and destroyed the Ustaše garrison.[4] Omčikus organized the use of trucks to transport rebels to front-line positions.[5]
In August 1941, the Chetnik Regiment "King Peter II" was established in Lika; and Omčikus was appointed as its commander.[6] He publicly disagreed with communist leaders in Lika, accusing them of being responsible for political division among Serbs.[7]
Italian assistance
editItaly used the uprising as an excuse to attempt to expand the territory of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) under Italian control deeper into western Bosnia.[8] Chetnik leaders Omčikus, Radjenović, and Major Rašeta claimed that the Italians would save the Serbs from being terrorized by the Ustasha; and that the Italians should be welcomed as liberators.[9] On 26 August 1941, the NDH and Italy agreed that the Second Italian Army would occupy and pacify rebels in the second and third zones.[10] Italy supported Serb rebels in helping to establish Italian influence beyond the zones they occupied per formal agreements.[11]
Death
editSome post-war communist sources emphasized that Omčikus surrendered to the communist-led Partisans with the intention of joining them.[12] Voivode Momčilo Đujić, who was commander of Yugoslav Chetnik forces in Lika, sent an ultimatum to communists to release Omčikus.[13]
Some communist sources claimed that Omčikus committed suicide in a communist-held prison in Krbavica,[14] while contemporary communist reports stated that Omčikus and a group of 30 Yugoslav Chetniks were captured and murdered by communists.[15][16]
Objectives of the Dinara Division
editThe leaders of the Serb rebels who belonged to Chetnik units of the Dinara Division agreed on the basic principles of their further struggle. This was presented in a document composed between 8 and 12 March 1942 and was titled "Elaborat of Dinara Division" (Serbian: Елаборат Динарске дивизије).[17] The main objective of their struggle of establishing a Serb nation-state was stipulated in detail, and signed by Momčilo Đujić, Pavle Popović, Pavle Omčikus, Branko Bogunović, and Mane Rokvić.[18] On the other hand, the Croatian Communist forces undertook all necessary measures to destroy any attempt to establish a Serbian nation-state by the "murders of national leaders and Chetniks" and waging against them "a war until extreme limits of life".[clarification needed][19]
References
edit- ^ (Jovanić 1988, p. 35):"To je Pajica Omčikus iz Srba, iz imućne porodice Omčikusa, čuvene još u austrougarskoj državi, kada su mu otac i djed bili predsjednici općine srbske."
- ^ (Jovanić 1988, p. 35):"Za vrijeme stare Jugoslavije bio je pristalica samostalnih demokrata. "
- ^ (Majstorović 1961, p. 115)
- ^ (Плећаш 2004, p. 267):"У Лици је Пајица Омчикус, са Пером Рајаком, Милошем Торбицом и другим устаницима напао Срб и у њему су уништили усташку посаду . Истога дана лички устаници су пресекли жељезничку пругу Госпић-Книн и заузели Отрић"
- ^ (Damjanović 1972, p. 133)
- ^ (Majstorović 1961, p. 115):"»Puk kralja Petra« kojem je na čelu stajao Pajica Omčikus."
- ^ (Đuretić 1997, p. 334):".. сукоба дошло је приликом оснивања и смотре пука “Краљ Петар II“, када су посланици ЈРЗ Рађеновић и Пајица Омчикус изразили пуно неслагање с комунистичким руководством Лике оптужујући га за разбијање српског народа."
- ^ (Redžić 2005, p. 15)
- ^ (Дедијер 1951, p. 223):"Четничке вође Рађеновић, мајор Рашета и Омчикус, почеле да говоре како Италијане треба дочекати као ослободиоце и да они спасавају народ од усташког зулума. "
- ^ (Redžić 2005, p. 16)
- ^ (Redžić 2005, p. 16)
- ^ (Jovanović & Rešetić 1963, p. 387)
- ^ (Damjanović 1972, p. 282):"...u Tiškovcu je četnički vojvoda pop Momčilo Đujić, komandant zamišljene dinarske četničke divizije, okupljao četnike, slao poruke i ultimatum partizanskim jedinicama da se pusti zarobljeni komandant »četničkog puka« Pajica Omčikus,..."
- ^ Vojnoistorijski institut (Belgrade, Serbia) (1952). Zbornik Dokumenta. p. 29.
- ^ Vojnoistorijski institut (Belgrade, Serbia) (1954). Zbornik Dokumenta. p. 75.
Streljali smo oko 30 četničkih razbojnika među njima i P. Omčikusa.
- ^ Horvatić, Petar (2018-10-20). "20. listopada 1941. Marko Orešković – što niste znali o suradnji četnika i partizana u NDH?". narod.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 2020-10-09.
- ^ (Николић 2009, p. 84)
- ^ (Николић 2009, p. 84):" „Елаборат" су потписали Момчило 'Бууий, Павле ПоповиН, Павле Омчикус, Бранко БогуновиН и Мане Роквип."
- ^ (Николић 2009, p. 85)
Sources
edit- Плећаш, Неђељко Б (2004). Ратне године. Институт за савремену историју. ISBN 9788674030912.
- Đuretić, Veselin (1997). Nasilje nad srpskim ustankom: opsene naroda u ime "Rusije i komunizma". Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti. ISBN 9788671790246.
- Dizdar, Zdravko (2002). Četnički zločini u Bosni i Hercegovini, 1941.-1945. Hrvatski institut za povijest. ISBN 978-953-6491-86-5.
- Николић, Коста (2009). Италијанска војска и четници у другом светском рату у Југославији, 1941-1943. Институт за савремену историjу. ISBN 978-86-7403-130-8.
- Redžić, Enver (2005). Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Second World War. Abingdon-on-Thames: Frank Cass. ISBN 978-0-7146-5625-0.
- Sources published in Yugoslavia during communist rule
- Jovanić, Đoko (1988). Ratna sjećanja. Vojnoizdavački i novinski centar.
- Jovanović, Đoko; Rešetić, Ivan (1963). Lika u NOB, 1941[-194 ]: Zbornik. Pišu učesnici. Vojnoizdavački zavod JNA "Vojno delo".
- Majstorović, Milan (1961). Prve iskre: Doljani u NOB. Lykos.
- Damjanović, Danilo (1972). Ustanak naroda Hrvatske 1941 u Srbu i okolini. Progres.
- Antonić, Zdravko; Redžić, Enver (1973). 1941. [i.e. Hiljadu devetsto četrdeset i prva] u historijinaroda Bosne i Hercegovine: Naučni skup, održan u Drvaru od 7. do 9. oktobra 1971. godine. Veselin Masleša.
- Bokan, Branko (1972b). Podgrmeč u NOB: Jedinstvo fronta i pozadane [Podgrmeč in the National Liberation War: Unity at the Front and the Rear]. From the War History of our Nation (in Serbo-Croatian). Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Vojnoizdavački Zavod. OCLC 644787681.
- Дедијер, Владимир (1951). Дневник. Југословенска књига.