Pešek (feminine Pešková) is a Czech surname, it may refer to:
- Jakub Pešek, Czech footballer
- Jiří Pešek, Czech footballer
- Josef Pešek, Czech ice dancer
- Karel Pešek, Czech football and ice hockey player
- Karel Pešek, Czech motorcycle racer
- Ladislav Pešek, Czech actor
- Libor Pešek, Czech conductor
- Luděk Pešek (1919–1999), Czech artist and novelist
- Lukáš Pešek, Czech motorcycle racer
- Vlasta Pešková, Czech athlete