The pebbled butterflyfish (Chaetodon multicinctus) is a species of marine fish, a butterflyfish from the family Chaetodontidae. It is often found near reefs. They are at most 12 centimetres (4.7 in) in length, and white with yellow, brown, and black markings. These butterflyfish are territorial and form pairs. The pebbled butterflyfish occur near reefs in the eastern central Pacific, and are endemic to waters off the Hawaiian Islands and Johnston Atoll. They have a role in aquarium trade.[2]
| Pebbled butterflyfish | |
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| Pebbled butterflyfish are often found in pairs | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Acanthuriformes |
| Family: | Chaetodontidae |
| Genus: | Chaetodon |
| Subgenus: | Chaetodon (Exornator) |
| Species: | C. multicinctus
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| Binomial name | |
| Chaetodon multicinctus A. Garrett, 1863
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Exornator exornator multicinctus (Garrett, 1863) | |
Description and biology
editPebbled butterflyfish reach maximum lengths of 12 centimetres (4.7 in).[2] The body is spotted and white, though it may bear shades of green and yellow. There are five light brown bands crossing the side of the body. On the ventral side, a dark line extends from the anal fins, gradually lightening to yellow as it moves towards the pelvic fins.[3] Though often mistaken for the crochet butterflyfish (Chaetodon guentheri) or speckled butterflyfish (Chaetodon citrinellus), the pebbled butterflyfish can be distinguished by its vertical bands.[4]
On the dorsal and anal fins, there is a black line running lengthwise, approximately one-third the total height of the fin from the outer margin.[3] The pelvic fins are white, and the pectorals are transparent. The caudal fin bears a black crescent at its middle and a dark ring at its base.[3]
They form pairs, especially for breeding, and lay eggs.[2] Pebbled butterflyfish are monogamous and are aggressively territorial. They will mate to defend a feeding territory.[5] The diet of the pebbled butterflyfish is fairly specialist,[6] and is composed of coral polyps, polychaete worms, and small shrimps.[2]
Distribution and habitat
editPebbled butterflyfish are distributed throughout the eastern central Pacific Ocean. They are found in waters off the Hawaiian Islands and Johnston Atoll. Pebbled butterflyfish occur near coral reefs and over rocks.[2]
References
edit- ^ Pyle, R.; Myers, R.F.; Craig, M.T.; Pratchett, M. (2010). "Chaetodon multicinctus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T165655A6082463. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T165655A6082463.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Chaetodon multicinctus". FishBase. January 2010 version.
- ^ a b c Jenkins, Oliver P. (1904). "Report on Collections of Fishes made in the Hawaiian Islands, with Descriptions of New Species". Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. 22. Washington: The Commission, Government Printing Office: 472.
- ^ Goodson, Gar (1986). "1". The many-splendored fishes of Hawaii. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-8047-1270-5.
- ^ Dewan, A. K.; K. P. Maruska; T. C. Tricas (2008). "Arginine Vasotocin Neuronal Phenotypes among Congeneric Territorial and Shoaling Reef Butterflyfishes: Species, Sex and Reproductive Season Comparisons" (PDF). Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 20 (12). Blackwell Publishing: 1382–1394. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2008.01798.x. PMID 19094086. Retrieved 11 April 2010.
- ^ Ludwig GM, Taylor Jr, LR, Imose DM (August 1980). "Summer Census of the Reef-Fish Community of Waters Adjacent to Pu'uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park" (PDF). Technical Report 32. Honolulu: University of Hawaii. Retrieved 11 April 2010.