The Peel-Harvey Estuarine System (Nyungar: Djilba)[1] is a natural estuarine system that lies roughly parallel to the coast of Western Australia and south of the town of Mandurah.
The strip of land between the Indian Ocean and the estuarine system carries the Old Coast Road and to the east is the Forrest Highway which is the main thoroughfare between Perth and the coastal towns of the south west corner of the state including Bunbury and Busselton.
Description
editThe estuarine system, which the Bindjareb Noongar people call Djilba,[1] covers an area of approximately 131 to 136 km2 (51 to 53 sq mi) in total, with an average water depth of about 1 to 2 m (3 ft 3 in to 6 ft 7 in).[2][3][4]
The Harvey River discharges into the extreme southern end of the elongated Harvey Estuary, which has an area of about 56 to 61 km2 (22 to 24 sq mi).[2][3] This in turn feeds into the south-western corner of the more northerly Peel Inlet which is roughly circular and occupies an area of about 75 km2 (29 sq mi).[2][3] The Serpentine River and Murray Rivers discharge into the eastern edges of Peel Inlet.
A 5 km (3.1 mi) long channel, the Mandurah Estuary (also called Mandurah Entrance Channel or just Mandurah Channel) which passes through the town of Mandurah, then runs into the ocean.[5]
After several decades of severe algal blooms in the estuaries caused by discharge of nutrients from agricultural land and piggeries along the rivers, an artificial channel was constructed and opened in 1994 as the Dawesville Channel.[2][6] The channel had the effect of allowing saline sea-water to regularly flush the estuary using tidal flows. Whilst the ecology of the estuary has changed markedly due to the flushing process, water quality generally has improved.[7][6]
The catchment area to the east is largely flat coastal plain with about 75% cleared of native vegetation and used for dryland, dairy and beef grazing. Clearing was done in the early days of settlement to allow agricultural expansion. Drainage systems into the three main rivers have been constructed in much of the catchment to remove excess water quickly.
Lake Preston, Lake Clifton and the Leschenault Estuary are farther south.
Flora and fauna
editThe estuary is home to abundant marine wildlife including crustaceans such as the blue swimmer crab (Portunus pelagicus) and the western king prawn (Melicertus latisulcatus) and fish species such as black bream, mulloway, tailor and cobbler. It is regularly visited by dolphins.
The estuary has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area because it supports a significant population of fairy terns, is a drought refuge for blue-billed ducks, and sometimes holds over 1% of the world populations of red-necked stints, sharp-tailed sandpipers, banded stilts, red-necked avocets and red-capped plovers.[8]
Recreational use
editThe estuary is used heavily for recreational boating and fishing with numerous boat ramps and picnic spots along the extensive foreshore with shaded sandy beaches.[5] Houseboats can be hired at Mandurah to explore the estuary and the Murray River.
Urban developments along the shores as well as canal developments in Mandurah and at North and South Yunderup pose significant challenges[citation needed] for its successful future management.
References
edit- ^ a b "Peel-Harvey Estuary". Perth, Western Australia: Department of Water and Environmental Regulation. 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
- ^ a b c d Whisson, Corey S.; Wells, Fred E.; Rose, Tom (2004). "The benthic invertebrate fauna of the Peel-Harvey Estuary of south-western Australia after completion of the Dawesville Channel" (PDF). Records of the Western Australian Museum. 22 (2): 81–90. doi:10.18195/issn.0312-3162.22(2).2004.081-090. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
- ^ a b c Fretzer, Sarah (2011). The Peel-Harvey Estuarine Ecosystem – System Analysis and Management Implications (PDF) (Report). Western Australian Marine Science Institution (WAMSI). Retrieved 29 September 2018.
- ^ "Estuary Assessment Framework for Non-Pristine Estuaries, Estuary 653 (Peel-Harvey Estuary)". Geoscience Australia. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
Peel-Harvey has traditionally been seen as one estuary. However, the Water and Rivers Commission of WA has now classified it as two separate estuaries (Peel Inlet and Harvey Estuary) so that each one is linked to the River Basin from which it drains.
- ^ a b "Boating Guide Mandurah Marine Safety" (PDF). Department of Transport. March 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
- ^ a b Finfish Resources of the Peel – Harvey Estuary, Harvest Strategy, 2015 – 2020, Version 1.0, West Coast Estuarine Managed Fishery, Area 2 (PDF) (Report). Perth, Western Australia: Department of Fisheries. May 2015. ISSN 0819-4327. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
- ^ Peel Inlet and Harvey Estuary System Management Strategy: Progress and Compliance by the Proponents with the Environmental Conditions set by the Minister for the Environment in 1989, 1991 and 1993 (PDF) (Report). Perth, Western Australia: Environmental Protection Authority. January 2003. ISBN 07307-6725-6. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
- ^ "IBA: Peel-Harvey Estuary". Birdata. Birds Australia. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
Sources
edit- Keighery, BJ; Dell, J; Keighery, GJ; Madden, S; Longman, VM; Green, B; Webb, A; McKenzie, B; Hyder, B; Ryan, R; Clarke, KA; Harris, E; Whisson, G; Olejnik, C; Richardson, A (2006). The Vegetation, Flora, Fauna and Natural Areas of the Peel Harvey Eastern Estuary Area Catchment (Swan Coastal Plain) (PDF) (Report). Department of Environment and Conservation. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
- Potter, Ian: The influence of the Dawesville Channel on recruitment, distribution and emigration of crustaceans and fish in the Peel-Harvey estuary
- C.C. Wilson & J. Latchford (1995). Water Quality of the Peel-Harvey, July 1994 to April 1995 C.C. Wilson & J. Latchford (1995)
- Lane, J., Clarke, A. and Pearson, G. (2002). Waterbirds of Peel-Harvey estuary in 1998-99. Department of Conservation and Land Management, 40 p.
External links
edit