Penza Oblast (Russian: Пе́нзенская о́бласть, romanized: Pénzenskaya óblast') is a federal subjects of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Penza. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,266,348.[13]
Penza Oblast | |
|---|---|
| Пензенская область | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
| Anthem: Anthem of the Penza Oblast [3] | |
_-_Penza_Oblast.svg) | |
| Coordinates: 53°15′N 44°34′E / 53.250°N 44.567°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal district | Volga[1] |
| Economic region | Volga[2] |
| Administrative center | Penza[4] |
| Government | |
| • Body | Legislative Assembly[5] |
| • Governor[5] | Oleg Melnichenko[6] |
| Area | |
• Total | 43,352 km2 (16,738 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 59th |
| Population | |
• Total | 1,266,348 |
• Estimate (2018)[9] | 1,331,655 |
| • Rank | 35th |
| • Density | 29/km2 (76/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 68.7% |
| • Rural | 31.3% |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK  [10]) |
| ISO 3166 code | RU-PNZ |
| License plates | 58 |
| OKTMO ID | 56000000 |
| Official languages | Russian[11] |
| Website | http://pnzreg.ru |
Geography
editThe highest point of Penza Oblast is an unnamed hill of the Khvalynsk Mountains reaching 342 metres (1,122 ft) above sea level located at the southeastern end, near Neverkino.
Main rivers
edit
Penza Oblast has over 3000 rivers; the overall length is 15,458 km. The biggest rivers are:
- Sura;
- Moksha;
- Khopyor.
- Penza River gave its name to the city of Penza.
Fauna
editThere are 316 species of vertebrates within the region, including:
- about 10 species of amphibians;
- about 200 species of birds;
- about 8 species of reptiles;
- about 68 species of mammals (fox, rabbit, ferret, badger, squirrel).
Seven existing species of mammals were already acclimatized on land: the American mink, muskrat, raccoon dog, wild boar, Siberian roe deer, red deer and Sika deer. In parallel, work has been carried out to reintroduce the Forest-steppe marmot, the Eurasian beaver and the Russian desman (a species of mole that resembles a muskrat).
In the waters of Penza Oblast, there are about 50 species of fish. The largest body of water – the Sursko reservoir – is home to around 30 species. Commercial species include bream, silver bream, pikeperch, ide, and catfish. In the rivers and smalls pond dwell roach, perch, carp, and pike. The most valuable fish to be found in the natural waters is the sterlet.
Climate
edit| Climate data for Penza (1961-1990) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 6.0 (42.8) |
5.0 (41.0) |
17.0 (62.6) |
30.0 (86.0) |
35.4 (95.7) |
38.0 (100.4) |
37.8 (100.0) |
37.2 (99.0) |
32.5 (90.5) |
25.0 (77.0) |
13.4 (56.1) |
8.0 (46.4) |
38.0 (100.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −6.9 (19.6) |
−5.8 (21.6) |
0.3 (32.5) |
11.7 (53.1) |
21.2 (70.2) |
24.4 (75.9) |
25.7 (78.3) |
23.7 (74.7) |
17.6 (63.7) |
8.9 (48.0) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
9.7 (49.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −9.8 (14.4) |
−10.0 (14.0) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
6.4 (43.5) |
13.9 (57.0) |
18.0 (64.4) |
19.2 (66.6) |
17.1 (62.8) |
11.6 (52.9) |
4.5 (40.1) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
−7.7 (18.1) |
4.7 (40.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −13.9 (7.0) |
−13.5 (7.7) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
1.7 (35.1) |
8.1 (46.6) |
12.5 (54.5) |
14.2 (57.6) |
11.9 (53.4) |
7.1 (44.8) |
1.3 (34.3) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
−10.4 (13.3) |
0.6 (33.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −39.0 (−38.2) |
−40.0 (−40.0) |
−31.1 (−24.0) |
−20.0 (−4.0) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
2.0 (35.6) |
0.6 (33.1) |
−6.1 (21.0) |
−17.2 (1.0) |
−31.1 (−24.0) |
−40.0 (−40.0) |
−40.0 (−40.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 41 (1.6) |
29 (1.1) |
32 (1.3) |
36 (1.4) |
41 (1.6) |
62 (2.4) |
67 (2.6) |
56 (2.2) |
53 (2.1) |
49 (1.9) |
52 (2.0) |
45 (1.8) |
563 (22.2) |
| Source: Гидрометцентр, Погода и Климат | |||||||||||||
History
edit.svg)
The regional center of Penza was built in 1663 as a Russian fortress on the border of the Wild Fields, although evidence of the presence of more ancient settlements has been found in the modern city.
Penza Province was established within Kazan Governorate in 1718. It became a separate Penza Governorate on September 15, 1780, which existed until March 5, 1797, when it was dissolved and merged into Saratov Governorate. Penza Governorate was re-established on September 9, 1801 and existed until 1928. Between 1928 and 1937, the territory of the former governorate underwent a number of administrative transformations, ending up as a part of Tambov Oblast in 1937. On February 4, 1939, modern Penza Oblast was established[12] by splitting it out of Tambov Oblast. In March 1939, the Penza Oblast Committee of the CPSU was formed, the first secretary of the committee being Alexander Kabanov.
Administrative divisions
editEconomy
editPenza Oblast is part of the Volga economic region. The oblast is one of Russia's leading producers of wheat, rye, oats, millet, buckwheat, cereal and forage crops, vegetables, potatoes, mustard, and meat.[14]
Politics
edit
During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared among three persons: The first secretary of the Penza CPSU Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament.
The Charter of Penza Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Penza Oblast is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia.
Demographics
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1897 | 1,470,474 | — |
| 1926 | 2,208,780 | +50.2% |
| 1959 | 1,507,765 | −31.7% |
| 1970 | 1,535,970 | +1.9% |
| 1979 | 1,503,198 | −2.1% |
| 1989 | 1,504,309 | +0.1% |
| 2002 | 1,452,941 | −3.4% |
| 2010 | 1,386,186 | −4.6% |
| 2021 | 1,266,348 | −8.6% |
| Source: Census data | ||
Population: 1,266,348 (2021 Census);[13] 1,386,186 (2010 Census);[15] 1,452,941 (2002 Census);[16] 1,504,309 (1989 Soviet census).[17]
Vital statistics for 2022:[18][19]
- Births: 8,431 (6.6 per 1,000)
- Deaths: 19,676 (15.5 per 1,000)
Total fertility rate (2022):[20]
1.19 children per woman
Life expectancy (2021):[21]
Total — 69.97 years (male — 65.17, female — 74.75)
Ethnic composition (2010):[15]
- Russians: 86.8%
- Tatars: 6.4%
- Mordvins: 4.1%
- Ukrainians: 0.7%
- Chuvash: 0.4%
- Armenians: 0.3%
- Others ethnicities: 1.3%
- Additionally, 43,283 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[22]
- Births: 7,962 (Jan-July 2008)
- Deaths: 13,608 (Jan-July 2008)[23]
Religion
editAccording to a 2012 survey,[24] 62.9% of the population of Penza Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 2% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% are Orthodox Christian believers without belonging to churches or members of non-Russian Orthodox churches, and 7% are Muslims. In addition, 15% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 9% is atheist, and 3.1% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[24]
Culture and recreation
editTourism
editNotable people
edit- Vasily Klyuchevsky (1841–1911) — a leading Russian historian of the late imperial period.
- Aristarkh Lentulov (1882–1943) – a Russian avant-garde artist of Cubist orientation who also worked on set designs for the theatre.
- Yevgeny Rodionov (1977–1996) – a Russian soldier who was murdered in Chechen captivity for his refusal to convert to Islam and defect to the enemy side.
- Victor Skumin[26] (1948–) – a Russian scientist first describes "cardioprosthetic psychopathological syndrome",[27] later known as Skumin syndrome,[28] a form of anxiety suffered by recipients of artificial heart valves.[29][30]
- Natalya Starovoyt, actress of Penza Oblast Drama Theatre
See also
editReferences
editNotes
edit- ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
- ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
- ^ Law #18
- ^ Charter of Penza Oblast, Article 8
- ^ a b Charter of Penza Oblast, Article 7
- ^ "Олег Мельниченко назначен врио губернатора Пензенской области". March 26, 2021.
- ^ "Сведения о наличии и распределении земель в Российской Федерации на 01.01.2019 (в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации)". Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography. Archived from the original on February 9, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
- ^ "Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved September 1, 2022.
- ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
- ^ a b USSR. Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Union Republics, p. 202
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ "Russia Profile - BackGround Places - Penza Region". Archived from the original on October 24, 2013. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ "Information on the number of registered births, deaths, marriages and divorces for January to December 2022". ROSSTAT. Archived from the original on March 2, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
- ^ "Birth rate, mortality rate, natural increase, marriage rate, divorce rate for January to December 2022". ROSSTAT. Archived from the original on March 2, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
- ^ Суммарный коэффициент рождаемости [Total fertility rate]. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (in Russian). Archived from the original (XLSX) on August 10, 2023. Retrieved August 10, 2023.
- ^ "Демографический ежегодник России" [The Demographic Yearbook of Russia] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat). Retrieved June 1, 2022.
- ^ "Перепись-2010: русских становится больше". Perepis-2010.ru. December 19, 2011. Retrieved December 25, 2012.
- ^ Официальный портал Правительства Пензенской области - О регионе - Население [Official portal of the Government of Penza oblast - About the region - Population]. penza.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on May 26, 2008.
- ^ a b c "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.
- ^ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived.
- ^ "Professor Victor A. Skumin, D.M.Sci" (in Russian). 2009. Archived from the original on April 25, 2012. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- ^ Bendet, Ia. A.; Morozov, S. M.; Skumin, V. A. (1980). "Psychological aspects of the rehabilitation of patients after the surgical treatment of heart defects" Психологические аспекты реабилитации больных после хирургического лечения пороков сердца [Psychological aspects of the rehabilitation of patients after the surgical treatment of heart defects]. Kardiologiia (in Russian). 20 (6): 45–51. PMID 7392405. Archived from the original on September 5, 2017. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
- ^ "Skumin syndrome". Genex (in Russian). Archived from the original on March 19, 2017. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- ^ Ruzza, Andrea (16 October 2013). "Nonpsychotic mental disorder after open heart surgery". Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals. 22 (3): 374. doi:10.1177/0218492313493427. PMID 24585929. S2CID 28990767.
- ^ Skumin, V. A. (1982). Nepsikhoticheskie narusheniia psikhiki u bol'nykh s priobretennymi porokami serdtsa do i posle operatsii (obzor) [Nonpsychotic mental disorders in patients with acquired heart defects before and after surgery (review)]. Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 82. OCLC 112979417. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
Sources
edit- Законодательное Собрание Пензенской области. Закон №828-ЗПО от 28 июня 2005 г. «О гимне Пензенской области», в ред. Закона №1507-ЗПО от 2 апреля 2008 г. «О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Пензенской области в связи с принятием Закона Пензенской области "Кодекс Пензенской области об административных правонарушениях"». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования (26 июля 2005 г.). Опубликован: "Пензенские губернские ведомости", №16, с. 108, 15 июля 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Penza Oblast. Law #828-ZPO of June 28, 2005 On the Anthem of Penza Oblast, as amended by the Law #1507-ZPO of April 2, 2008 On Amending Various Legislative Acts of Penza Oblast Due to the Adoption of the Law of Penza Oblast "Administrative Infractions Code of Penza Oblast". Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication (July 26, 2005).).
- Законодательное Собрание Пензенской области. 10 сентября 1996 г. «Устав Пензенской области», в ред. Закона №2824-ЗПО от 1 декабря 2015 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 39 Устава Пензенской области». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования (13 сентября 1996 г.). Опубликован: "Пензенские вести", №133–134, 13 сентября 1996 г. (Legislative Assembly of Penza Oblast. September 10, 1996 Charter of Penza Oblast, as amended by the Law #2824-ZPO of December 1, 2015 On Amending Article 39 of the Charter of Penza Oblast. Effective as of the day of the official publication (September 13, 1996).).
- Дударев, В. А.; Евсеева, Н. А. (1987). И. Каманина (ed.). СССР. Административно-территориальное деление союзных республик (in Russian). Moscow.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
External links
edit
- Official website of Penza Oblast Government
- Official website of Penza Oblast (in Russian)
- "PenzaNews" news agency