The Percidae are a family of ray-finned fish, part of the order Perciformes, which are found in fresh and brackish waters of the Northern Hemisphere. The majority are Nearctic, but there are also Palearctic species. The family contains more than 200 species in 11 genera. The perches and their relatives are in this family; well-known species include the walleye, sauger, ruffe, and three species of perch. However, small fish known as darters are also a part of this family.
| Percidae Temporal range: Eocene to present
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| Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Perciformes |
| Superfamily: | Percoidea |
| Family: | Percidae Rafinesque, 1815[1] |
| Subfamilies | |
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see text | |
Characteristics
editThe family is characterised by having the dorsal fin split into two[2] which are normally separated or have a narrow connection, although this is wider in the genus Zingel,[3] the front section contains the spines and the rear section contains the soft rays.[2] The anal fin contains 1 or 2 spines, if there is a second spine it is typically weak. The pelvic fins are placed on the thorax and have a single spine and 5 soft rays. They also have skeletal synapomorphies.[3] The maximum size attained is 100 centimetres (39 in) in the zander (Sander lucioperca)[4] but most of the species in the family are much smaller.[3] Their scales are ctenoid and their bodies are normally somewhat elongate.[5]
Systematics
editThe 5th Edition of Fishes of the World classifies the Percidae into five subfamilies[3] and Fishbase recognises 239 species in 11 genera.[4][1][6]
- Subfamily Percinae Rafinesque, 1815
- Subfamily Acerinae Bleeker, 1858
- Genus Gymnocephalus Bloch, 1793
- Subfamily Percarininae Gill, 1861
- Subfamily Luciopercinae Jordan & Evermann, 1896
- Tribe Luciopercini Jordan & Evermann 1896
- Tribe Romanichthyini Dumitrescu, Bănărescu & Stoica 1957
- Genus Romanichthys Dumitrescu, Bănărescu & Stoica 1957
- Genus Zingel Cloquet, 1817
- Subfamily Etheostomatinae Agassiz, 1850
- Genus Ammocrypta Jordan, 1877
- Genus Etheostoma Rafinesque, 1817
- Genus Nothonotus Putnam, 1863
- Genus Percina Haldeman, 1842
Fossil genera
edit- †Mioplosus Cope, 1877
- †Priscacara Cope, 1877
References
edit
- ^ a b Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 001–230.
- ^ a b Kraft C.E; D.M. Carlson; M. Carlson (2006). "Inland fishes of New York (online) Version4.0". Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.
- ^ a b c d J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 448–450. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
- ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Percidae". FishBase. December 2019 version.
- ^ "Percidae: Form and Function". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Percidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 11 September 2020.