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Parry Sound is a town in Ontario, Canada, located on the eastern shore of the sound after which it is named. Parry Sound is located 160 km (99 mi) south of Sudbury and 225 km (140 mi) north of Toronto. It is a single-tier government located in the territorial District of Parry Sound, which has no second-tier county, regional, or district level of government. Parry Sound is a popular cottage country region for Southern Ontario residents. It also has the world's deepest natural freshwater port.[2]
Parry Sound | |
|---|---|
| Town of Parry Sound | |
 tower view (2016) of the town and the sound | |
  Parry Sound  Parry Sound | |
| Coordinates: 45°21′14″N 80°02′10″W / 45.35389°N 80.03611°W | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Ontario |
| District | Parry Sound |
| Established | 1857 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Jamie McGarvey |
| • Governing Body | Parry Sound Town Council |
| • MP | Scott Aitchison (CPC) |
| • MPPs | Graydon Smith (PC) |
| Area | |
| • Land | 13.10 km2 (5.06 sq mi) |
| Population (2021)[1] | |
• Total | 6,879 |
| • Density | 524.9/km2 (1,359/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Parry Sounder |
| Time zone | UTC−05:00 (EST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−04:00 (EDT) |
| Forward sortation area | |
| Area code | 705 & 249 |
| Highways |  Highway 69  Highway 400 / TCH Highway 124 Highway 518 |
| Website | www |
History
editThere was a slight decline in economic activity shortly after World War I with J.R. Booth's construction of a rival town, Depot Harbour, on nearby Parry Island, but this setback was overcome through later developments in tourism and commerce, and the accidental destruction by fire of the entire town of Depot Harbour on August 14, 1945.
The body of water that gives the town its name was surveyed and named by Captain (later Admiral) Henry Wolsey Bayfield in the 19th century in honour of the Arctic explorer Sir William Edward Parry. In 1857, the modern townsite was established near the Ojibwa village of Wasauksing ("shining shore") at the mouth of the Seguin River. The post office was established in 1865.[3] Parry Sound was incorporated as a town in 1887. In the late 19th century, rail service was established, making the town an important depot along the rail lines to Western Canada.
In 1916, a cordite factory was established in the nearby town of Nobel for the Imperial Munitions Board. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, an explosives and munitions factory was also built at Nobel, making Parry Sound an important part of both the First World War and the Second World War effort.
Forest fire protection history
editThe Parry Sound Forest Fire District was founded by Ontario's former Department of Lands and Forests (now the MNR) in 1922 as one of 17 districts to help protect Ontario's forests from fire by early detection from fire towers. The headquarters for the district were housed in town. It was the central location for 18 fire tower lookouts, including the Parry Sound fire tower, which was erected in the same location as the modern lookout tower at 17 George Street. In the 1970s all the towers had been decommissioned as aerial firefighting techniques were employed. Fire suppression is of enhanced concern in and near Parry Sound due to this area's strong tendency toward drier weather coinciding with the period of highest sun, in June and July. In years with drier summers, drought can be a significant concern here, and with it, heightened wildfire risk.
Climate
editParry Sound has a humid continental climate, with local variations in cloudiness and precipitation resulting from its location on the eastern shore of the large body of water, comprising Parry Sound and Lake Huron to its west. Parry Sound's annual temperature regime reflects a cool summer humid continental climate (Koppen Dfb), with January average temperatures of −9.0 °C (15.8 °F) and July average temperatures near 20.2 °C (68.4 °F), and the usual minimal seasonal lag typical of continental climates: i.e. January as the coldest month and July as the warmest.
Much more unusual (for Dfb climates) is Parry Sound's average annual cycle of precipitation, and cloudiness vs. sunshine. With its location on the eastern side of large bodies of water, where prevailing winds and weather come from the west (typical in the mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere), Parry Sound experiences an exceptionally strong lake effect. From spring to mid-summer, this means lake waters are cooler than nearby land areas, resulting in diminished intensity of low pressure systems and less precipitation, but alternation of low clouds and fog (resulting from warmer air passing over snow-covered ground, frequent into May most years) with occasional sunshine, especially once the long winter's snow cover has melted (mostly May through July). Parry Sound's average driest month is July; here, thunderstorms are rare, due to cool lake waters inhibiting the combination of heat and humidity that fuels thunderstorm activity over areas like the central, southern and eastern United States.
From September to January in Parry Sound the lake effect reverses its stabilizing effect from spring into mid-summer, becoming destabilizing. During these months, nearby waters release their stored warmth from the summer season, and increasingly strong polar and Arctic air outbreaks pass over these still-relatively-warm waters before hitting Parry Sound. This results in heavy cumulus cloud formation, instability rain showers (in September and October), transitioning toward heavy snow showers and squalls as temperatures continue to drop from November to January. Parry Sound's average monthly precipitation exceeds 100 mm (3.9 in) inches every month from September to January - but this pattern peaks in December, the year's average wettest month, which averages over 137 mm (5.4 in) of precipitation, mostly carried by that month's average of 101.6 cm (40.0 in) of snow, followed by January's snowfall average of 91.2 cm (35.9 in). Such heavy winter-month precipitation and snowfall figures are virtually nonexistent in humid continental climates, which tend to exist away from large bodies of water. As winter transitions toward spring, snowfall drops sharply by March, when lake and land temperatures nearly equalize. In winter, the heavy lake-effect snowfall is augmented by snowfall from sometimes-strong low-pressure systems (mid-latitude cyclones) that often converge on the Great Lakes and areas further east.
Overall, Parry Sound experiences a typical humid continental, cool-summer climate type in terms of temperatures - but a highly unusual climate regime in precipitation and cloudiness; the year's driest months are generally from March through July, while its wettest months are from September to January, with autumnal lake effect producing cloudy skies and heavy rainfall from September into November, followed by extremely heavy snowfall in December and January.
The highest temperature ever recorded in Parry Sound was 37.8 °C (100.0 °F) on July 6, 1921. The coldest temperature ever recorded was −41.1 °C (−42 °F) on February 12. 1967.[4][5]
| Climate data for Parry Sound, 1981−2010 normals, extremes 1875−present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.9 (57.0) |
14.4 (57.9) |
27.0 (80.6) |
31.0 (87.8) |
32.5 (90.5) |
36.1 (97.0) |
37.8 (100.0) |
37.2 (99.0) |
35.0 (95.0) |
28.9 (84.0) |
21.7 (71.1) |
15.5 (59.9) |
37.8 (100.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −4.4 (24.1) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
2.6 (36.7) |
10.5 (50.9) |
16.9 (62.4) |
21.1 (70.0) |
25.1 (77.2) |
23.8 (74.8) |
19.0 (66.2) |
12.4 (54.3) |
5.1 (41.2) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
10.7 (51.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −9.0 (15.8) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
5.7 (42.3) |
11.8 (53.2) |
16.2 (61.2) |
20.2 (68.4) |
19.2 (66.6) |
14.8 (58.6) |
8.4 (47.1) |
1.9 (35.4) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
6.3 (43.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −13.5 (7.7) |
−11.4 (11.5) |
−7 (19) |
0.9 (33.6) |
6.7 (44.1) |
11.2 (52.2) |
15.3 (59.5) |
14.6 (58.3) |
10.5 (50.9) |
4.4 (39.9) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
1.8 (35.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −38.9 (−38.0) |
−41.1 (−42.0) |
−34.4 (−29.9) |
−22.8 (−9.0) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
2.8 (37.0) |
0.6 (33.1) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
−12.2 (10.0) |
−28.9 (−20.0) |
−37.8 (−36.0) |
−41.1 (−42.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 107.0 (4.21) |
80.3 (3.16) |
78.7 (3.10) |
71.4 (2.81) |
83.4 (3.28) |
64.2 (2.53) |
54.9 (2.16) |
82.7 (3.26) |
105.2 (4.14) |
114.8 (4.52) |
110.2 (4.34) |
137.6 (5.42) |
1,090.5 (42.93) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 15.9 (0.63) |
20.0 (0.79) |
44.7 (1.76) |
61.0 (2.40) |
83.0 (3.27) |
64.2 (2.53) |
54.9 (2.16) |
82.7 (3.26) |
105.2 (4.14) |
114.6 (4.51) |
80.8 (3.18) |
36.0 (1.42) |
763.0 (30.04) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 91.2 (35.9) |
60.3 (23.7) |
34.0 (13.4) |
10.4 (4.1) |
0.40 (0.16) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.18 (0.07) |
29.5 (11.6) |
101.6 (40.0) |
327.5 (128.9) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 20.1 | 14.7 | 14.0 | 13.9 | 13.6 | 12.8 | 8.9 | 12.3 | 14.2 | 16.7 | 17.6 | 19.6 | 178.5 |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 4.7 | 3.8 | 7.7 | 12.2 | 13.6 | 12.8 | 8.9 | 12.3 | 14.2 | 16.7 | 14.0 | 6.5 | 127.4 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 18.0 | 12.5 | 8.6 | 3.5 | 0.18 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.09 | 7.0 | 16.2 | 66.0 |
| Source: Environment Canada[6][7][4][5][8] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1871 | 1,052 | — |
| 1901 | 2,884 | +174.1% |
| 1911 | 3,429 | +18.9% |
| 1921 | 3,546 | +3.4% |
| 1931 | 3,512 | −1.0% |
| 1941 | 5,765 | +64.2% |
| 1951 | 5,183 | −10.1% |
| 1961 | 6,004 | +15.8% |
| 1971 | 5,842 | −2.7% |
| 1981 | 6,124 | +4.8% |
| 1991 | 6,125 | +0.0% |
| 1996 | 6,326 | +3.3% |
| 2001 | 6,124 | −3.2% |
| 2006 | 5,818 | −5.0% |
| 2011 | 6,191 | +6.4% |
| 2016 | 6,408 | +3.5% |
| 2021 | 6,879 | +7.4% |
| Canada 2006 Census | Population | % of Total Population | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Visible minority group Source:[9] |
South Asian | 35 | 0.6 |
| Chinese | 40 | 0.7 | |
| Black | 10 | 0.2 | |
| Filipino | 0 | 0 | |
| Latin American | 15 | 0.3 | |
| Southeast Asian | 0 | 0 | |
| Other visible minority | 15 | 0.3 | |
| Total visible minority population | 115 | 2.1 | |
| Aboriginal group Source:[9] |
First Nations | 165 | 2.9 |
| Métis | 110 | 2 | |
| Inuit | 0 | 0 | |
| Total Aboriginal population | 280 | 5 | |
| White | 5,205 | 92.9 | |
| Total population | 5,600 | 100 | |
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Parry Sound had a population of 6,879 living in 3,197 of its 3,518 total private dwellings, a change of 7.4% from its 2016 population of 6,408. With a land area of 13.1 km2 (5.1 sq mi), it had a population density of 525.1/km2 (1,360.0/sq mi) in 2021.[10]
According to the 2016 census, the median total income of economic families in 2015 was $69,911.[1]
Culture
edit
Parry Sound is the birthplace of hockey legend Bobby Orr, the namesake of the local community centre and the town's own Bobby Orr Hall of Fame. In Orr's best-selling autobiography, Orr: My Story, he speaks highly of Parry Sound, the friends and family who resided there and the happy childhood he had living in that part of Canada.[11][12][13]
Canadian actor Don Harron's stage character Charlie Farquharson remains one of the town's most cherished personalities. Former Ontario premier Ernie Eves also called the town home for many years; he was the MPP for the Parry Sound—Muskoka riding from 1981 through 2001.
The town is home to several cultural festivals, including the Festival of the Sound classical music festival, an annual dragonboat race and a buskers' festival which takes place as part of the town's Canada Day festivities. The Charles W. Stockey Centre for the Performing Arts serves as the principal performance venue during the Festival of the Sound, and also hosts concerts, live theatre and other cultural events throughout the year.
Recreation and sports
editThere are several provincial parks in the Parry Sound area, including Oastler Lake, The Massasauga and Killbear, as well as numerous provincial conservation reserves, including the Georgian Bay Biosphere Reserve, one of only 13 UNESCO sites in Canada. The eastern coast of Georgian Bay where Parry Sound is located is known as the "30,000 Islands" and is considered the world's largest freshwater archipelago. It covers 347,000 hectares of shoreline ecosystem, and over 100 species of animals and plants that are at risk in Canada and Ontario, including unique reptiles and amphibians. Parry Sound's Aspen Valley Wildlife Sanctuary cares for injured and orphaned animals, and offers an informational and interpretive centre for wildlife education. A 230-kilometre recreational trail, the Park-to-Park Trail, connects Killbear with Algonquin Provincial Park in two locations, to the south at Dwight, and farther north, east of Kearney.[14]
Parry Sound, and much of Central and Northern Ontario, are well known for their tourism businesses. Accommodation businesses range from hotels and full service resorts to lodges and camping grounds. Sightseeing tours of the 30,000 Islands are offered by Georgian Bay Airways,[15] and the Island Queen and MV Chippawa cruise ships. kayak and canoe rentals and tours are available during the summer, as well as winter sporting gear rentals during the winter. The town is home to an annual ATV Jamboree, and guided ATV tours of the region's wilderness are available throughout the year.[16] There are several golf courses located in and near Parry Sound; ice hockey, fishing, cross-country skiing, and softball are also popular recreational sports in the area. Cross-country skiing in the Parry Sound area is based out of Georgian Nordic Outdoor Activity Centre (GNOAC). Famous NHLer Bobby Orr played minor hockey for the Parry Sound Shamrocks. Another more recent professional hockey player who played for the Shamrocks is Aidan Dudas who plays for HC TPS of the Finnish SM-Liiga. Aidan was selected in the fourth round (113th overall) of the 2019 NHL Draft by the Los Angeles Kings. The town had a junior team also called the Shamrocks for a short period of time who reached the Northern Ontario Junior Hockey Association championship finals in 1998 and 1999 before the team folded in 2003.
Transportation
edit
Parry Sound is located along a highway which currently bears the dual designation of Highway 69/Highway 400. From the opening of this freeway alignment in 2004 until October 26, 2010, a point one kilometre north of Parry Sound's Bowes Street/McDougall Road interchange was the terminus of Highway 400, but the freeway now begins 17 kilometres further north, at Highway 559 north of Nobel.[17] The former alignment of Highway 69 from Parry Sound southerly to Holmur now has the street name Oastler Park Drive and serves as the main access road to Oastler Lake Provincial Park.
The western termini of Highway 124, which extends easterly to Sundridge, and Highway 518, which heads east to Kearney, are both located just outside Parry Sound's town limits.
Bus service from Toronto is available by Ontario Northland Motor Coach Services, the government-owned transportation company, and buses arrive daily en route to Sudbury. In addition, Via Rail's Canadian (Toronto – Vancouver) transcontinental passenger train serve Parry Sound railway stations twice a week both east- and westbound. Westbound passenger as well as Canadian Pacific Kansas City and Canadian National Railway freight trains are carried over the Seguin River by the Parry Sound CPR Trestle, a visible presence in the centre of town.
The town is served by the Parry Sound Area Municipal Airport and the Parry Sound Medical Heliport, as well as numerous small water aerodromes:
- Parry Sound Harbour Water Aerodrome (CPS1)
- Parry Sound/Deep Bay Water Aerodrome (CPT6)
- Parry Sound/Derbyshire Island Water Aerodrome (CDS6)
- Parry Sound/Frying Pan Island-Sans Souci Water Aerodrome (CPS9)
- Parry Sound/Huron Island Water Aerodrome (CPS8)
- Parry Sound/St. Waleran Island Water Aerodrome (CPD6)
The Big Sound Marina[18] is a 120-serviced slip marina on Georgian Bay for transient vessels up to 60 feet (18 m).
Canadian Coast Guard Parry Sound Base
editCanadian Coast Guard has a base in Parry Sound at 28 Waubeek Street. The base has berthing and maintenance facilities for CCG vessels. CCGS Samuel Risley and CCGS Cove Isle are the current home ported vessels at the CCG base. There is an unregistered helipad at the base next to the Waubuno Beach boat launch and is the home base to two helicopters, a Bell 412 and a Bell 429.[19]
The entrance to the station is a shack with lantern room from the historic Cape Robert Lighthouse formerly on Manitoulin Island[20]
Media
editRadio
edit| Frequency | Call sign | Branding | Format | Owner | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FM 88.9 | CBPO-FM | Weatheradio Canada | Weather radio | Meteorological Service of Canada | Decision CRTC 95-708 CBPO-FM - fccdata.org |
| FM 89.9 | CBLR-FM | CBC Radio One | Talk radio, public radio | Canadian Broadcasting Corporation | Rebroadcaster of CBLA-FM (Toronto) |
| FM 91.3 | CHRZ-FM | Rez 91 | First Nations community radio | Wasauksing Communications Group | Broadcasts in English and Ojibwe |
| FM 103.3 | CKLP-FM | Moose FM | Adult hits | Vista Broadcast Group |
Television
edit| OTA channel | Call sign | Network | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7 (VHF) | CIII-DT-7 | Global | Rebroadcaster of CIII-DT (Toronto) |
| 12 (VHF) | CKVR-TV-1 | CTV Two | Rebroadcaster of CKVR-DT (Barrie) |
| 23 (UHF) | CHCH-DT-3 | Independent | Rebroadcaster of CHCH-DT (Hamilton) |
Newspapers
edit- North Star – The Parry Sound North Star
Notable people
editList of notable people associated with Parry Sound:
- Marty Adams, actor, writer and comedian
- Samuel Armstrong (1844–1921), businessman and politician[21]
- James Arthurs (1866–1937), politician and senator[22]
- Bill Beagan (born 1937), National Hockey League referee and commissioner of four hockey leagues[23]
- William Rabb Beatty (1851–1905), businessman and politician[24]
- Neil Belland (born 1961), professional ice hockey player[25]
- Fred Bourdginon (1906–1995), professional ice hockey player[26]
- John Brackenborough (1897–1993), professional ice hockey player
- Gerald Carson (1903–1956), professional ice hockey player[27]
- Wayne Clairmont (born 1943), professional ice hockey player[28]
- Terry Crisp (born 1943), professional ice hockey player and coach[29]
- Eleanor Joanne Daley (born 1955), composer and choir director[30]
- Douglas Durkin (1884–1967), novelist, short story writer and screenwriter[citation needed]
- Ernie Eves (born 1946), lawyer, politician and 23rd Premier of Ontario[31]
- Donald Guloien, business executive[32]
- Mark Ideson (born 1976), Paralympic wheelchair curler[33]
- Allan Loney (1885–1965), hockey player charged with manslaughter[34]
- William Morgan (born 1975), Paralympic judoka[35]
- Bobby Orr (born 1948), professional ice hockey player and Hockey Hall of Fame inductee[11]
- Francis Pegahmagabow (1891–1956) deadliest sniper in World War I
- Gary Sabourin (born 1943), professional ice hockey player[36]
- James Sharpe (1846–1935), merchant and politician[37]
- Fred J. Stevenson (1895–1928), aviator and bush pilot[38]
- William Sutherland (1926/27–1998), politician
- Graham Ritchie (born 1998), Olympic and professional cross country skier
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ a b c "2016 Census Profile: Parry Sound, Town". Statistics Canada. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
- ^ Canadian Geographic. Vol. 127. Royal Canadian Geographical Society. 2007. p. 82. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
Parry Sound, the world's deepest freshwater port, lends some measure to what I mean by Ontario Lake Country
- ^ Hamilton, William (1978). The Macmillan Book of Canadian Place Names. Toronto: Macmillan. pp. 164. ISBN 0-7715-9754-1.
- ^ a b "Daily Data Report for July 1921". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. 31 October 2011. Retrieved 3 July 2016.
- ^ a b "Daily Data Report for February 1967". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. 31 October 2011. Retrieved 3 July 2016.
- ^ "Parry Sound 1981–2010". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Archived from the original on 2020-07-17. Retrieved December 17, 2013.
- ^ "Parry Sound". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. 31 October 2011. Retrieved 3 July 2016.
- ^ "Parry Sound Harbour". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. 31 October 2011. Retrieved 3 July 2016.
- ^ a b "Pickering, Ontario (City) Census Subdivision". Community Profiles, Canada 2006 Census. Statistics Canada. Archived from the original on 2017-02-03. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
- ^ "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), Ontario". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved March 30, 2022.
- ^ a b Orr, Bobby (2013) Bobby Orr: My Story. New York: G.P. Putnam. Retrieved March 31, 2014 [1] Archived 2014-03-28 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Cowles, Gregory (October 25, 2013) "Inside the List" The New York Times. Retrieved March 27, 2014 [2]
- ^ "Best Sellers". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
- ^ "Park to Park Trail". Park to Park Trail.
- ^ "Georgian Bay Airways - Seaplane tours, charters and training!". Georgian Bay Airways.
- ^ "Bear Claw Tours - Georgian Bay's Ultimate Adventure - Guided ATV Tours in Parry Sound Ontario, Canada". www.bearclawtours.com.
- ^ Ginn, Cameron (October 27, 2010). "$177-million section of highway now open". Cottage Country Now. Metroland Media Group. Archived from the original on April 24, 2011. Retrieved October 28, 2010.
- ^ "Home". www.bigsoundmarina.com.
- ^ "Canadian Coast Guard adds new helicopter to Parry Sound fleet". 8 December 2016.
- ^ "Cape Robert Lighthouse".
- ^ "FamilySearch.org". FamilySearch.
- ^ The Canadian Press (8 October 1937). "Senator J. Arthurs Dies in 72nd Year". The Gazette. Montreal. Retrieved 2010-04-02.
- ^ "Bill Beagan". Bobby Orr Hall of Fame. Retrieved March 26, 2020.
- ^ https://www.ola.org/en/members/all/874 [dead link]
- ^ "Neil Belland". hockeydb.com.
- ^ "Fred Bourdginon". hockeydb.com.
- ^ "Gerald Carson". hockeydb.com.
- ^ "Wayne Clairmont". hockeydb.com.
- ^ "Legends of Hockey -- NHL Player Search -- Player -- Terry Crisp". www.hhof.com. Archived from the original on 2017-08-01.
- ^ "Alliance Music Publications Inc. - Eleanor Daley".
- ^ "Ernie Eves, Q.C." YorkStreet. Retrieved 2018-03-04.
- ^ Reynolds, Christopher (December 5, 2015). "Toronto couple offers $1.2-million matching gift to United Way". Toronto Star. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
- ^ "Mark Ideson - Wheelchair Curling | Paralympic Athlete Profile".
- ^ The Killing of Alcide Laurin in a Hockey Match at Maxville The Ottawa Journal, page 1, February 27, 1905
- ^ "William Morgan". Canadian Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
- ^ "Legends of Hockey -- NHL Player Search -- Player -- Gary Sabourin". www.legendsofhockey.net. Archived from the original on 2015-09-08.
- ^ https://www.ola.org/en/members/all/1830 [dead link]
- ^ http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/stevenson_frederick_joseph_15E.html Dictionary of Canadian Biography: Stevenson, Frederick Joseph, retrieved October 16, 2018
External links
edit
Parry Sound travel guide from Wikivoyage- Official website
