Persicaria lapathifolia (syn. Polygonum lapathifolium), known as pale persicaria,[2] is a plant of the family Polygonaceae. It is considered to be native throughout most of the world, from arctic to tropical realms, except South America and Southern Africa.[3] It is closely related to Persicaria maculosa and as such is considered a weed in Britain and Europe. Other common names for the plant include pale smartweed, curlytop knotweed, and willow weed. It is a species complex made up of a great many varying forms, sometimes considered varieties. The environment also has a strong influence on the morphology of an individual plant.
| Persicaria lapathifolia | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Polygonaceae |
| Genus: | Persicaria |
| Species: | P. lapathifolia
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| Binomial name | |
| Persicaria lapathifolia | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Synonymy
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Description
editPersicaria lapathifolia is an annual herb with erect reddish stems with swollen joints, growing to a height of 20 to 80 cm (8 to 31 in). The leaves are alternate with short stalks, often densely hairy underneath. The leaf blades often have a dark-coloured blotch in the centre and are lanceolate or narrowly elliptical and have entire margins. Each leaf base has stipules which are fused into a stem-enclosing sheath that is loose and fringed with few if any hairs at the upper end. The inflorescence is a dense spike, often nodding. The perianth of each tiny pink flower consists of four or five lobes, fused near the base. There are six stamens, two partially fused carpels and two styles. The fruit is a rounded, flattened nut. This plant flowers from July to September in northern temperate regions.[4][5]
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Distribution and habitat
editPersicaria lapathifolia is found in many parts of both the Old World and New World.[5][6][7][8][9] Many varietal and sub-specific names have been coined, as the plant is morphologically variable. The species is found growing on the sea shore and in disturbed ground such as arable land, gardens, waste ground, rubbish tips and road verges.[4]
References
edit- ^ The Plant List, Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre
- ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
- ^ "Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2024-07-29.
- ^ a b "Pale persicaria: Persicaria lapathifolia". NatureGate. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
- ^ a b Flora of North America, Persicaria lapathifolia (Linnaeus) Gray, 1821. Pale smartweed , renouée à feuilles de patience
- ^ Flora of Pakistan, Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) S. F. Gray
- ^ Flora of China, Polygonum lapathifolium Linnaeus, 1753. 马蓼 ma liao
- ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Gray includes numerous photos plus European distribution map
- ^ Atlas of Living Australia, Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Gray, Pale Knotweed