Uruguayan peso

This article is about present currency of Uruguay. For previous Uruguayan currencies known as "peso", see Currency of Uruguay.

Uruguayan peso (Spanish: peso uruguayo) has been a name of the Uruguayan currency since Uruguay's settlement by Europeans. The present currency, the peso uruguayo (ISO 4217 code: UYU) was adopted in 1993 and is subdivided into 100 centésimos, although centésimos are not currently in use.

Uruguayan peso

peso uruguayo (Spanish)
current 100 peso note
ISO 4217
Code	UYU (numeric: 858) before 1993: UYN, UYP
Subunit	0.01
Unit
Symbol	$ or $U‎
Denominations
Subunit
1⁄100	centésimo
Banknotes	$20, $50, $100, $200, $500, $1000, $2000
Coins
Freq. used	$1, $2, $5, $10
Rarely used	$50 (commemorative)
Demographics
User(s)	Uruguay
Issuance
Central bank	Central Bank of Uruguay
Website	www.bcu.gub.uy
Valuation
Inflation	4.96%
Source	Instituto Nacional de Estadística, July 2024.

Introduction

Uruguay obtained monetary stability in 1896, based on the gold standard. This favorable state of affairs ended after World War I. An unsettled period followed. Economic difficulties after World War II produced inflation, which became serious after 1964 and continued into the 1970s.

The peso moneda nacional was replaced on 1 July 1975 by the nuevo peso (new peso; ISO 4217 code UYP) at a rate of 1 new peso for 1000 old pesos. The nuevo peso was also subdivided into 100 centésimos.

After further inflation, the peso uruguayo (ISO 4217 code UYU) replaced the nuevo peso on March 1, 1993, again at a rate of 1 new for 1000 old.

Inflation

Uruguayans became accustomed to the constant devaluation of their currency. Uruguayans refer to periods of real appreciation of the currency as atraso cambiario, which literally means that "the exchange rate is running late" towards future devaluement. As a consequence of the instability of the local currency, prices for most big-ticket items (real estate, cars and even executives' salaries) are denominated in U.S. dollars.

During the military rule, the peso was on a crawling peg to the dollar. A table of the future value of the dollar was published daily by the government (called the tablita). In 1982, the currency was abruptly devalued ("the tablita was broken"), throwing thousands of companies and individuals into bankruptcy. In the 1990s, a new mechanism to provide predictability was introduced, this time in the form of a sliding range, with top and bottom margins, at which the government would intervene. In 2002, after a banking crisis and amid a huge budget deficit, the currency was again allowed to float, losing almost 50% of its value in a couple of weeks, and, again, throwing into bankruptcy thousands of companies and individuals who held debts denominated in US dollars.

In 2004 a phenomenon completely new to most Uruguayans developed: the currency appreciated in nominal terms against the US dollar, going from 30 to 24 pesos to the dollar. By 2008 the peso reached 19 to the US dollar, recovering more than half of its loss during the crisis. This revaluation hurt exporters and brought protests from the industrial sector, which felt that it lost competitiveness, but by July 2020, the peso had depreciated to over 40 to the dollar. The government hopes that a floating currency will "de-dollarize" the economy. Uruguay does not seem to have found a mechanism that provides the exchange rate some level of predictability, while at the same time allowing the country to adapt its prices so that its exports remain competitive.

Coins

In 1994, stainless-steel 10, 20 and 50 centésimos and brass 1 and 2 pesos uruguayos were introduced. 5 and 10 pesos uruguayos were introduced in 2003 and 2004, respectively. The coins replaced same value notes. Coins in circulation are:

Value	Image	Obverse	Reverse	Weight	Diameter	Thickness	Material	Edge	Issued
1 U$		José Artigas	Un Peso Uruguayo	3.5 g	20 mm	1.5 mm	Aluminium-bronze	Smooth	1994
		Uruguayan coat of arms	Armadillo				Brass plated Steel		2011
2 U$		José Artigas	Dos Pesos Uruguayos	4.5 g	23 mm	1.6 mm	Aluminium-bronze		1994
		Uruguayan coat of arms	Capybara				Brass plated Steel		2011
5 U$		José Artigas	Cinco Pesos Uruguayos	6.3 g	26 mm	1.7 mm	Aluminium-bronze		2003
		Uruguayan coat of arms	Greater Rhea				Brass		2011
10 U$		José Artigas with the dates of his birth and death	"SEAN LOS ORIENTALES TAN ILUSTRADOS COMO VALIENTES", Signature of José Artigas	10.4 g	28 mm	2.45 mm	Bimetallic: aluminium-bronze center in stainless steel ring		2000
		Uruguayan coat of arms	Puma in front of rising sun with 19 rays				Bimetallic		2011
50 U$		Radiant sun with face, "BICENTENARIO DE LOS HECHOS HISTORICOS" • 1811-2011 •	José Artigas				Copper plated steel	Reeded	2011

In July 2010, 50 centésimos coins were withdrawn from circulation.

New 1, 2, 5, and 10 pesos coins were introduced in January 2011.

Banknotes

In 1995–1996, banknotes in denominations of, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 (all modified versions of 5,000, 10,000, 20,000, 50,000, 100,000, 200,000 and 500,000 nuevo peso banknotes respectively) and 1000 pesos uruguayos were introduced, followed by new models of 5 and 10 pesos uruguayos notes in 1999. In 2003, 5 and 10 pesos uruguayos notes have been replaced by coins and 2000 pesos uruguayos were introduced. A new series of banknotes were introduced in 2014–2015, the same as the previous issue without the vertical word "URUGUAY" on the left side. Banknotes in circulation are:

Images		Value	Description			Issue
Obverse	Reverse		Obverse	Reverse	Watermark
		$20	Juan Zorrilla de San Martín	La leyenda patria	20 and electrotype 20, Veinte	2015
		$50	José Pedro Varela	Monumento a José Pedro Varela	50 and electrotype 50, Cincuenta	2015
		$100	Eduardo Fabini	God Pan	100 and electrotype 100, Cien	2015
		$200	Pedro Figari	"Baile Antiguo" (Old Dance)	200 and electrotype 200, Doscientos	2015
		$500	Alfredo Vásquez Acevedo	University of the Republic, Montevideo	500 and electrotype 500, Quinientos	2014
		$1000	Juana de Ibarbourou	Ibarbourou Square, books	1000 and electrotype 1000, Mil	2015
		$2000	Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga	National Library, Montevideo	2000 and electrotype 2000, Dos Mil	2015

Current UYU exchange rates
From Google Finance:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD ARS BRL
From Yahoo! Finance:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD ARS BRL
From XE.com:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD ARS BRL
From OANDA:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD ARS BRL

Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)

Although in many parts of the world, the amount of cash in circulation has risen over the last decade, there are some countries that buck the trend. In this small club of jurisdictions, a few have considered general purpose CBDCs that would be a complement to cash. Sweden and Uruguay are notable not just for the advanced stage of their work but the amount of information their central banks have made publicly available about their respective projects.

Unidad Previsional (UP)

Uruguay maintains a currency account unit named Unidad Previsional (UP), ISO 4217 code UYW.

Unidad Indexada (UI)

Unidad Indexada (UI), ISO 4217 code UYI, is a consumer price indicator for Uruguay.

See also

• Economy of Uruguay
• Argentine peso
• Chilean peso
• Classical Monetary System of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay

References

• Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (1991). Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1801–1991 (18th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0873411501.
• Pick, Albert (1994). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: General Issues. Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors) (7th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-207-9.

External links

• Monedas del Uruguay (Coins of Uruguay)