Count Peter Antonovich Devier (1710—1773) was a Russian military officer who served as general-in-chief of the Russian Imperial Army. He was the eldest son of A. M. Devier, and was a nephew of Alexander Danilovich Menshikov.
Peter Antonovich Devier | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1710 |
| Died | 1773 |
| Rank | General-in-chief |
| Awards | Order of St. Andrew Order of St. Alexander Nevsky Order of St. Anna, 1st Class |
Biography
editDevier was born in 1710 to Count Anton Manuilovich Devier and Menshikov's sister, who was also Catherine I's lady-in-waiting. In 1722 he was enlisted in the service, and in 1724 he was appointed page of the chamber to Princess Anna Petrovna, the wife of the Duke of Holstein Karl-Friedrich. In 1727, he accompanied her on her departure from St. Petersburg to Kiel. After the death of Anna Petrovna in 1728, he became an officer of the Holstein artillery, then kamer-junker to the Duke. In 1737, he returned to Russia and was accepted for service with the rank of poruchik.
In 1742, he attained the rank of captain. From 1744 he served as chamberlain. From 1747, Devier was a brigadier in the land militia. In 1752, he was promoted to major-general, and in 1755 to lieutenant-general.
Peter III, who appreciated Devier's service to his parents, granted him the orders of St. Anna, Saint Alexander Nevsky, and Andrew the First-Called, and elevated him to general-in-chief on February 9, 1762.
On the day of Catherine's coup, June 28, 1762, Count Devier was sent by Peter III to Kronstadt to enlist the support of the garrison, but upon arriving at the fortress, he immediately surrendered to the envoy of Catherine II, to Admiral I. L. Talyzin and swore an oath to the Empress. A year later (April 30, 1764), he was dismissed. After this, he retired to the village, where he died in 1773.
As in the case of the offspring of other favorites of Peter III, who were disgraced, the Devier family under Catherine was repeatedly prosecuted and eventually fell into poverty. According to P. V. Dolgorukov, Deviers had the reputation of "the main leaders of robbery in the Kharkiv and Voronezh provinces".[1]
Offspring
editP. A. Devier had four sons and four daughters[2]
Ekaterina Petrovna Chicherina
- Nikolai, a retired cornet; married to the daughter of captain-lieutenant Maria Mikhailovna Saburova.
- Mikhail, lieutenant colonel, in 1768 married Sophia Adamovna Olsufyeva (1753-1786); about his bigamy,[3] fornication, robbery excommunicated from the church; fictionalized as Count Salias in the story "Don Hispanics".
- Peter, captain; he was married to Ekaterina Nikolaevna Pashkova and Anna Mikhailovna Zmieva.
- Boris, a second major, was stripped of his title for "many villainies" and exiled to the Nerchinsk penal servitude in 1798; he left offspring in marriage with Ulyana Andreyevna Gorlenko.
- Ekaterina, the wife of brigadier Alexander Denisovich Chicherin (d. 1786); they had a son Peter Alexandrovich Chicherin.
- Anastasia (1752-1832), the wife of the Kharkiv landowner Alexander Andrevich Dunin (d. 1783, collegiate adviser), was buried in Kuryazhsky Monastery.
- Elizabeth (1754-1829), wife of state councilor Pyotr Matveevich Kheraskov (d. 1796, brother of the poet); they had a daughter Alexandra Petrovna Khvostova.
- Varvara, was not married, inherited 90 souls after her father.
Literature
edit- Sergey Shubinsky. Devier, Peter Antonovich // Russian Biographical Dictionary : 25 Volumes. — SPb.—M., 1896—1918.
Links
editReferences
edit- ^ Dolgorukov P."The time of Emperor Peter II and Empress Anna Ioannovna. The coup of 1762". - Moscow: Terra, 1997 — - ISBN 9785300012243. - P. 17.
- ^ "Petrov P. N." Devier / / History of the families of the Russian nobility. Vol. 1 — - SPb.: G. Goppe, 1885. - p.
- ^ P. V. Dolgorukov tells the following: "Under his estate there were dungeons, in which there were magnificent reception halls, kitchens, bedrooms and basements for imprisonment with chains and shackles. When the count got tired of his wife, the mother of his two sons, he imprisoned her in one of these cellars, put her in shackles and left her there until her death. She languished in the dungeon for about seven years. So that her disappearance would not arouse suspicion, he announced her death to everyone and arranged a magnificent funeral. There was a doll in the coffin."