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Phaneropterinae

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The Phaneropterinae, the sickle-bearing bush crickets or leaf katydids, are a subfamily of insects within the family Tettigoniidae.[2][3] They are also known as false katydids[4] or round-headed katydids.[2]

Phaneropterinae
Female Phaneroptera nana
Male Isophya pyrenaea
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Orthoptera
Suborder: Ensifera
Family: Tettigoniidae
Subfamily: Phaneropterinae
Burmeister, 1838[1]
Synonyms
  • Amblycoryphae Scudder, 1897
  • Phaneropteridae Burmeister, 1838

The name Phaneropterinae is based upon the Old World genus Phaneroptera (type species P. falcata), meaning "visible wing";[5] this refers to the exposed tips of the inner wings seen in many species, although some genera, notably in the tribes Barbitistini and Odonturini have become brachypterous.

Adult Phaneropterinae species with eggs

Description

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The legs of individuals in this subfamily vary from genus to genus, but, as in nearly all Orthoptera, the posterior (rear) legs are adapted to leaping, and as such are always much longer than other legs. Phaneropterinae are generally well-camouflaged with green and brown colors being most prevalent, but there are exceptions including certain Aganacris and Scaphura that are Batesian mimics of wasps.[6]

The Phaneropterinae are largely arboreal in habitat.[2] The vast majority of species live in shrubs and trees, feeding on leaves and twigs.[2] Some species might potentially cause significant damage, though usually superficial, when present in large numbers, but this is rare; they usually are solitary, unlike meadow grasshoppers, so much so that they seldom come to human notice.[2]

The ovipositor and male genitalia vary according to the genus. The Phaneropterinae differ from other subfamilies of Tettigoniidae (and other Orthoptera) in their oviposition; their eggs are rarely deposited in the earth, but are either glued in double rows to twigs, or are inserted in the edges of leaves.[2]

Taxonomy

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The subfamily Phaneropterinae was first erected in 1838 by German zoologist Hermann Burmeister.[3] As of January 2024, Orthoptera Species File lists the following tribes, subtribes, genus groups, and genera.[3]

Acrometopini

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Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Europe, the Middle East

  1. Acrometopa Fieber, 1853
  2. Altihoratosphaga Hemp, Voje, Heller, Warchalowska-Sliwa & Hemp, 2010
  3. Conchotopoda Karsch, 1887
  4. Horatosphaga Schaum, 1853
  5. Lamecosoma Ragge, 1960
  6. Peronura Karsch, 1889
  7. Peronurella Hemp, 2018
  8. Prosphaga Ragge, 1960
  9. Tenerasphaga Hemp, 2018

Amblycoryphini

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Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas, Africa

 
Amblycorypha insolita
 
Orophus tessellatus
  • Subtribe Plangiina Cadena-Castañeda, 2015
  1. Madagascarantia Massa, 2017
  2. Monteiroa Karsch, 1889
  3. Paraplangia Heller, 2018
  4. Plangia Stål, 1873
  5. Pseudoplangia Massa, 2014
  • Subtribe not assigned
  1. Agaurella Uvarov, 1939
  2. Amblycorypha Stål, 1873
  3. Eurycoplangiodes Massa, 2020
  4. Eurycorypha Stål, 1873
  5. Orophus Saussure, 1859
  6. Oxygonatium Ragge, 1980
  7. Paraeurycorypha Massa, 2020
  8. Plangiodes Chopard, 1954

Barbitistini

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Auth.: Jacobson, 1905 – Europe to central Asia

 
Male Barbitistes obtusus
 
Isophya species mating
  1. Ancistrura Uvarov, 1921 - monotypic Ancistrura nigrovittata (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878)
  2. Andreiniimon Capra, 1937 - monotypic Andreiniimon nuptialis (Karny, 1918)
  3. Barbitistes Charpentier, 1825
  4. Dasycercodes Bei-Bienko, 1951 - monotypic Dasycercodes iranicus Bey-Bienko, 1951
  5. Euconocercus Bei-Bienko, 1950
  6. Isoimon Bei-Bienko, 1954 - monotypic Isoimon riabovi (Uvarov, 1927)
  7. Isophya Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
  8. Kurdia Uvarov, 1916
  9. Leptophyes Fieber, 1853
  10. Metaplastes Ramme, 1939
  11. Orthocercodes Bei-Bienko, 1951 - monotypic Orthocercodes zarudnyi (Uvarov, 1930)
  12. Phonochorion Uvarov, 1916
  13. Poecilimon Fischer, 1853
  14. Polysarcus Fieber, 1853

Catoptropterigini

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Auth.: Massa, 2016 – Africa

  1. Catoptropteryx Karsch, 1890
  2. Griffinipteryx Massa, 2016

Ducetiini

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Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, India, China, Indochina to Australia

 
Ducetia sp.
 
Shirakisotima japonica
  1. Abaxisotima Gorochov, 2005
  2. Agnapha Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
  3. Bulbistridulous Xia & Liu, 1991
  4. Ducetia Stål, 1874
  5. Kuwayamaea Matsumura & Shiraki, 1908
  6. Noia Walker, 1870
  7. Paraducetia Gorochov & Kang, 2002
  8. Paragnapha Willemse, 1923
  9. Prohimerta Hebard, 1922
  10. Shirakisotima Furukawa, 1963
  11. Subibulbistridulous Shi, 2002

Dysoniini

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Dysonia sp.
 
Markia arizae

Auth.: Rehn, 1950 – tropical Americas

Ectemnini

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Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – tropical Americas

  1. Ectemna Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
  2. Euthyrrhachis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878

Elimaeini

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Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891 – Asia

 
Elimaea punctifera
  1. Ectadia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
  2. Elimaea Stål, 1874
  3. Hemielimaea Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
  4. Orthelimaea Karny, 1926

Holochlorini

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Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Asia-Pacific

 
Holochlora japonica female laying eggs
 
Poecilopsyra octoseriata
  1. Ancylecha Serville, 1838
  2. Arantia Stål, 1874
  3. Arnobia Stål, 1876
  4. Calopsyra Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
  5. Casigneta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
  6. Cesasundana Koçak & Kemal, 2009
  7. Dapanera Karsch, 1889
  8. Elbenia Stål, 1876
  9. Furnia Stål, 1876
  10. Gonatoxia Karsch, 1889
  11. Holochlora Stål, 1873
  12. Leucopodoptera Rentz & Webber, 2003
  13. Liotrachela Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
  14. Molpa Walker, 1870
  15. Parapsyra Carl, 1914
  16. Phaulula Bolívar, 1906
  17. Phygela Stål, 1876
  18. Poecilopsyra Dohrn, 1892
  19. Pseudopsyra Hebard, 1922
  20. Psyrana Uvarov, 1940
  21. Rectimarginalis Liu & Kang, 2007
  22. Ruidocollaris Liu, 1993
  23. Sinochlora Tinkham, 1945
  24. Stibaroptera Bolívar, 1906
  25. Stictophaula Hebard, 1922
  26. Sympaestria Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
  27. Tapiena Bolívar, 1906

Insarini

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Auth.: Rehn, & Hebard, 1914 – tropical & subtropical Americas

 
Arethaea sp.
  1. Arethaea Stål, 1876
  2. Brachyinsara Rehn & Hebard, 1914
  3. Insara Walker, 1869
  4. Psilinsara Hebard, 1932

Kevaniellini

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Auth.: Massa, 2017 – eastern Africa

  1. Kevaniella Chopard, 1954

Letanini

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Auth.: Hebard, 1922 – Asia

  1. Himertula Uvarov, 1940
  2. Letana Walker, 1869
 
Microcentrum retinerve

Microcentrini

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Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas

 
Eggs of Microcentrum.
  1. Acropsis Uvarov, 1939
  2. Anapolisia Piza, 1980
  3. Apoballa Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
  4. Boroseiyla Mendes, Chamorro-Rengifo & Rafael, 2020
  5. Caauara Mendes, Chamorro-Rengifo & Rafael, 2020
  6. Capanema Mendes & Rafael, 2021
  7. Capiguara Mendes, Chamorro-Rengifo & Rafael, 2020
  8. Ctenophlebia Stål, 1873
  9. Hyalipenna Mendes, Chamorro-Rengifo & Rafael, 2020
  10. Ischyra Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
  11. Lamprophyllum Hebard, 1924
  12. Lobophyllus Saussure, 1859
  13. Microcentrum Scudder, 1862
  14. Petaloptera Saussure, 1859
  15. Philophyllia Stål, 1873
  16. Phoebolampta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
  17. Raggophyllum Nickle, 1967
  18. Syntechna Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
  19. Tuaia Mendes, Chamorro-Rengifo & Rafael, 2020
  20. Tukunha Mendes & Rafael, 2021

Mirolliini

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Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Asia

  1. Amirollia Ingrisch, 2011
  2. Deflorita Bolívar, 1906
  3. Hemimirollia Ingrisch, 2011
  4. Hueikaeana Ingrisch, 1998
  5. Mirollia Stål, 1873

Morgeniini

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Auth.: Karsch, 1890 - central and western Africa

  1. Mangomaloba Sjöstedt, 1902
  2. Morgenia Karsch, 1890

Odonturini

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Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas, Iberian peninsula, Africa, Pacific islands

 
Obolopteryx castanea
  • Genus group Dichopetala
  1. Acanthorintes Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
  2. Dichopetala Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
  3. Gymnocerca Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
  4. Mactruchus Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
  5. Obolopteryx Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
  6. Planipollex Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
  7. Pterodichopetala Buzzetti, Barrientos-Lozano & Rocha-Sánchez, 2010
  8. Rhabdocerca Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
  • Genus group not assigned
  1. Angara Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
  2. Anisophya Karabag, 1960
  3. Arachnitus Hebard, 1932
  4. Arostratum Massa, 2015
  5. Atlasacris Rehn, 1914
  6. Cohnia Buzzetti, Fontana & Carotti, 2010
  7. Monticolaria Sjöstedt, 1910
  8. Nanoleptopoda Braun, 2011
  9. Odontura Rambur, 1838
  10. Odonturoides Ragge, 1980
  11. Parangara Rehn, 1945
  12. Paraperopyrrhicia Ebner, 1915
  13. Peropyrrhicia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
  14. Xenicola Uvarov, 1940

Otiaphysini

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Auth.: Karsch, 1889 - Africa

Pardalotini

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Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 - Africa

Percynini

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Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – South America

Phaneropterini

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Auth.: Burmeister, 1838 – distributed worldwide

 
Phaneroptera nana nymph

Phlaurocentrini

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Auth.: Karsch, 1889 – Africa

Phyllopterini

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Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878

Plagiopleurini

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Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America

Plangiopsidini

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Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa

Poreuomenini

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Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa

Preussiini

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Auth.: Karsch, 1890 – Africa

Pycnopalpini

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Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 – Central and South America

Scudderiini

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Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas

 
Scudderia sp.

Steirodontini

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Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – subtropical and tropical parts of the Americas

 
Stilpnochlora couloniana

Terpnistrini

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Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Sri Lanka

  1. Diogena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
  2. Gelotopoia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
  3. Terpnistria Stål, 1873
  4. Terpnistrioides Ragge, 1980
  5. Tropidophrys Karsch, 1896

Trachyzulphini

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Auth.: Gorochov, 2014 – China, Indochina, Malesia

  1. Trachyzulpha Dohrn, 1892

Trigonocoryphini

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Auth.: Bei-Bienko, 1954 – Middle East, India, Malaysia

Tylopsidini

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Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Europe, Middle East, western Asia

 
Tylopsis lilifolia

Vossiini

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Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa, Asia

  • Vossiina Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa
  • Xantiina Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Asia
    • Paraxantia Liu & Kang, 2009 – China
    • Xantia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Borneo

Zeuneriini

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Zeuneria melanopeza

Auth.: Karsh, 1890 - tropical Africa

Genus groups

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Genus groups include:

 
Male Acripeza reticulata
 
Caedicia simplex
  • Acridopezae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Australia
  • Aegimiae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Central and South America
  • Aniarae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America, E. Africa
  • Centroferae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America
  • Cosmophylla Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America, Madagascar, Australia
  • Dysmorphae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Malesia
  • Ephippithytae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Vietnam, Papua New Guinea, Australia
  • Eurypalpae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Eastern China, Vietnam, Sumatra, Australia
  • Isopserae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Eastern Africa, India, Indochina, Malesia
  • Karschiae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
  • Leptoderae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Sri Lanka, Malesia
  • Pseudophaneropterae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Sri Lanka, Sumatra
  • ScambophyllaBrunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Indochina, Malesia
  • Scaphurae Westwood, 1838 – South America
  • Taeniomenae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Australia
  • Turpiliae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Central America, Caribbean

Incertae sedis

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These genera have not been placed in a tribe:

References

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  1. ^ Burmeister H (1838) Handbuch der Entomologie 2 2(I-VIII):684
  2. ^ a b c d e f Blatchley WS. 1920. Orthoptera of northeastern America, Family VII. Tettigoniidae, Subfamily I, Phaneropterinae. Indianapolis, IN: Nature Publishing. 784 p. Phaneropterinae (pp. 459-494)
  3. ^ a b c Cigliano, M. M.; Braun, H.; Eades, D. C.; Otte, D. "subfamily Phaneropterinae Burmeister, 1838". orthoptera.speciesfile.org. Orthoptera Species File. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
  4. ^ Walker, Thomas J. "Singing Insects of North America (SINA), Phaneropterinae". Retrieved 2 January 2019.
  5. ^ Jaeger, Edmund Carroll (1959). A source-book of biological names and terms. Springfield, Ill: Thomas. ISBN 0-398-06179-3.
  6. ^ ter Hofstede, H.; et al. (2017). "Revisiting adaptations of Neotropical katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) to gleaning bat predation". Neotrop Biodivers. 3 (1): 41–49. doi:10.1080/23766808.2016.1272314. PMC 5312797.
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