Philip, Duke of Palatinate-Neuburg

Philip the Contentious (German: Philipp der Streitbare) (12 November 1503, Heidelberg – 4 July 1548, Heidelberg), a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty, was a titular Count Palatine of the Rhine and ruling Duke of Palatinate-Neuburg from 1505 to 1541.

Count Palatine Philip the Warlike (Hans Baldung, 1517)

A medal of Hans Daucher portraying Philipp von Pfalz-Neuburg in 1527.

Life

Philip was the youngest son of Ruprecht, Count Palatine of the Rhine, and his wife, Elisabeth of Bavaria-Landshut, daughter of George, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut.

Conflicting with imperial law and the inheritance treaty with the dukes of Bavaria-Munich, Duke George had attempted to pass his lands of Bavaria-Landshut to his daughter Elisabeth. This led to the Landshut War of Succession in 1503, in which the forces of Elisabeth and her husband Rupert were defeated. Elisabeth and Rupert died in quick succession in the fall of 1504. In the Arbitration of Cologne in 1505, Emperor Maximilian I awarded as compensation for the territorial losses, a small state known as Palatinate-Neuburg (from the territories of Lower Bavaria) to the two sons of Elisabeth. Philip ruled this territory along with his older brother, Duke Otto Henry.

In 1529, he successfully fought the Turks during the Siege of Vienna at the head of two regiments and was made a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece two years later.

On 8 December 1539, Philip visited the court of King Henry VIII of England, with the hope of obtaining the hand of the King's daughter Lady Mary Tudor. This potential match was part of King Henry's plans of an alliance with the Protestant German Princes against the Emperor. For all his intents and purposes, Philip does seem to have been genuinely drawn to Lady Mary for herself. They met on 17 December in Hertford Castle, where he presented her with a gift and kissed her. Such familiarity gave rise to the belief that the two would wed, and the majority of the English court expected a wedding within the coming months.

However, King Henry did not allow this match to succeed, due to the fact that the Duke was related to queen consort Anne of Cleves, Henry’s fourth wife. The Duke was both paternally and maternally her third cousin, sharing as ancestors Frederick II, Elector of Saxony, and Margarete of Austria.

Surprisingly, given their differing religious views, Lady Mary showed affection towards the Duke, as she kissed him out of court. The Duke was later sent back to his land. The plan did not come to fruition. Philip, however, was not deterred, and he visited England three more times; but only once more did he get to see Lady Mary.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Philip, Duke of Palatinate-Neuburg

16. Louis III, Elector Palatine 8. Louis IV, Elector Palatine 17. Matilda of Savoy 4. Philip the Upright, Elector Palatine 18. Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy 9. Margaret of Savoy, Countess Palatine of the Rhine 19. Mary of Burgundy 2. Ruprecht, Count Palatine of the Rhine 20. Henry XVI, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut 10. Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut 21. Margarete of Austria (1395-1447) 5. Margaret of Bavaria-Landshut 22. Frederick II, Elector of Saxony 11. Amalia of Saxony, Duchess of Bavaria 23. Margarete of Austria (1416-1486) 1. Philip, Duke of Palatinate-Neuburg 24. Henry XVI, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut 12. Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut 25. Margarete of Austria (1395-1447) 6. George, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut 26. Frederick II, Elector of Saxony 13. Amalia of Saxony, Duchess of Bavaria 27. Margarete of Austria (1416-1486) 3. Elizabeth of Bavaria-Landshut 28. Ladislaus II Jagiello 14. Casimir IV, King of Poland 29. Sophia of Halshany 7. Hedwig Jagiellon 30. Albert the Magnanimous 15. Elisabeth of Austria (died 1505) 31. Elisabeth of Bohemia (1409–1442)

Pop Culture

Philip was portrayed by Colin O'Donoghue for The Tudors in 2009.