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Sir Philip Edmond Wodehouse, GCSI, KCB (27 February 1811 – 25 October 1887), was a British colonial administrator.
Sir Philip Wodehouse | |
|---|---|
 Governor Sir Philip Wodehouse | |
| Born | Philip Edmond Wodehouse 27 February 1811 Sennowe Lodge, Norfolk, England[1] |
| Died | 25 October 1887 (aged 76) |
| Occupation(s) | Civil servant, colonial governor |
Background
editWodehouse was the eldest child of Edmond Wodehouse and his wife and first cousin Lucy Wodehouse. His paternal grandfather Thomas Wodehouse and maternal grandfather Reverend Philip Wodehouse were both younger sons of Sir Armine Wodehouse, 5th Baronet, whose eldest son John Wodehouse, 1st Baron Wodehouse, was the ancestor of the earls of Kimberley.
Career
editWodehouse entered the Ceylon Civil Service at an early age, and later served as superintendent of British Honduras from 1851 to 1854. He then served as Governor of British Guiana from 1854 to 1861, where his unpopular measures (such as imposing a head tax) generated enormous riots that even saw him and his retinue attacked and pelted.[2]
In 1861, he was appointed Governor of the Cape Colony and British High Commissioner for Southern Africa, taking over from Sir George Grey who had been recalled for disobeying imperial orders.
His High Commission in Southern Africa was initially dominated by the dispute between the neighbouring states of Basutoland and the Orange Free State but, via his arbitration, he managed to bring Basutoland under British control.[3]
His High Commission was also overshadowed, throughout its duration, by a growing movement in the Cape for a degree of independence under a system of "responsible government". The local Cape Parliament was elected by a system of multi-racial franchise, but had no executive power. The movement for "responsible government" (a democratically accountable executive) had immense local popularity, fueled by what was perceived to be the ineptitude of British imperial rule. Autocratic and unpopular, Wodehouse fought this growing independence movement throughout his governorship, even attempting to dismantle the Cape Parliament and bring the Cape back under his direct rule as a crown colony. Increasingly despotic, he, in turn, faced increasingly fierce opposition, led by local leader John Molteno, until he was recalled in 1870, amid great local celebration.[4]
He was then Governor of Bombay from 1872 to 1877, when he retired from public life. He was made a CB in 1860, a KCB in 1862 and a GCSI in 1876.
Personal life
edit
Wodehouse married Katherine Mary Templer, daughter of Francis Templer, in 1833. They had one child, Edmond Wodehouse, who became Member of Parliament for Bath. Wodehouse died in October 1887, at the age of 76. He is buried in Kensal Green Cemetery.
Legacy
editWodehouse Peak, a prominent highpoint in Golden Gate Highlands National Park is named after Philip Wodehouse, supposedly due to his suggestion that the border between the Boers and Basotho should follow the Rooiberge range.[5] This suggestion, however, dates from 1845 when Sir Peregrine Maitland governed the Cape, well before the 1861 governorship of Wodehouse. Wodehouse presided over the Convention of Aliwal-North which formally established the boundaries of Basotholand.[6]
References
edit- ^ a b Matthew, H. C. G.; Harrison, B., eds. (28 May 2015). "Wodehouse, Sir Philip Edmond". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/29813. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Carlyle 1901.
- ^ Chesson 1871, pp. 8–47.
- ^ Malherbe 1971.
- ^ "Golden Gate Highlands National Park - A Brief History". sanparks.org. n.d. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
- ^ "Basotho Wars 1858 - 1868". Sahistory.org.za. 10 June 2009. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
- Carlyle, Edward Irving (1901). . In Lee, Sidney; Lee, Sidney (eds.). Dictionary of National Biography (1st supplement). Vol. 22. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 516–517.
- Chesson, Frederick William (1871). The Dutch Republics of South Africa: Three Letters to R. N. Fowler, and Charles Buxton. London: W. Tweedie.
- Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages [self-published source] [better source needed]
- Malherbe, Vertrees Canby (1971). What They Said, 1795-1910: A Selection of Documents from South African History. Cape Town: Maskew Miller. ISBN 9780623004579.