Prince Philippe of Orléans, Count of Paris (Louis Philippe Albert; 24 August 1838 – 8 September 1894), was disputedly King of the French from 24 to 26 February 1848 as Louis Philippe II, although he was never officially proclaimed as such. He was the grandson of Louis Philippe I, King of the French. He was the Count of Paris as Orléanist claimant to the French throne from 1848 until his death. From 1883, when his cousin Henri, Count of Chambord died, he was often referred to by Orléanists and a large faction of Legitimists as Philippe VII.
| Prince Philippe | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count of Paris | |||||
 Prince Philippe, c. 1890 | |||||
| Orléanist pretender to the French throne | |||||
| Pretence | 24 February 1848 – 5 August 1873 | ||||
| Predecessor | Louis Philippe I | ||||
| Successor | Claim ended | ||||
| Unionist pretender to the French throne | |||||
| Pretence | 24 August 1883 – 8 September 1894 | ||||
| Predecessor | Henri, Count of Chambord | ||||
| Successor | Philippe, Duke of Orléans | ||||
| Born | 24 August 1838 Tuileries Palace, Paris, France | ||||
| Died | 8 September 1894 (aged 56) Stowe House, Buckinghamshire, England, United Kingdom | ||||
| Burial | |||||
| Spouse | |||||
| Issue | Amélie, Queen of Portugal Prince Philippe, Duke of Orléans Princess Hélène, Duchess of Aosta Princess Isabelle, Duchess of Guise Louise, Infanta Carlos of Spain Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Montpensier | ||||
| |||||
| House | Orléans | ||||
| Father | Prince Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans | ||||
| Mother | Duchess Helene of Mecklenburg-Schwerin | ||||
| Religion | Roman Catholicism | ||||
| Signature |  | ||||
Early life
editPrince Philippe became the Prince Royal, heir apparent to the throne, when his father, Prince Ferdinand-Philippe, Duc d'Orléans, died in a carriage accident in 1842. Although there was some effort during the days after the abdication of his grandfather in 1848 to put him on the throne under the name of Louis-Philippe II, with his mother (Helene of Mecklenburg-Schwerin) as Regent, this came to nothing. They fled, and the French Second Republic was proclaimed.
American Civil War
edit
A historian, journalist and outspoken democrat, Philippe volunteered to serve as a Union Army officer in the American Civil War along with his younger brother, Prince Robert, Duke of Chartres. He was appointed as an assistant adjutant general with the rank of captain on 24 September 1861 and served under the name of Philippe d'Orléans, the Count of Paris. He served on the staff of the commander of the Army of the Potomac, Major General George B. McClellan, for nearly a year. He distinguished himself during the unsuccessful Peninsular Campaign. He resigned from the Union Army, along with his brother, on 15 July 1862. Philippe's History of the Civil War in America is considered a standard reference work on the subject.[citation needed]
During their stay in the United States, the princes were accompanied by their uncle, the Prince of Joinville, who painted many watercolours of their stay. On 10 November 1880 Philippe was elected as a companion of the first class (i.e. a veteran officer) of the Pennsylvania Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States – an organization of Union officers who had served during the American Civil War. He was assigned insignia number 2107. His eldest son, Philippe d'Orleans, was elected as a 2nd class member (i.e. an eldest son of a veteran officer) in 1890 and succeeded to first class membership in the Order upon Philippe's death.[citation needed]
Marriage and issue
editOn 30 May 1864 at St. Raphael's Church in Kingston upon Thames, England he married his paternal first cousin, Princess Marie Isabelle d'Orléans (1848–1919), Infanta of Spain. She was daughter of Infanta Luisa Fernanda of Spain and Prince Antoine, Duke of Montpensier (1824–1890), the youngest son of Louis-Philippe of France and Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily. They had eight children:
- Princess Amélie d'Orléans (1865–1951); married Carlos I of Portugal in 1886.
- Prince Louis Philippe Robert d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans (1869–1926); married Archduchess Maria Dorothea of Austria, daughter of Archduke Joseph Karl of Austria in 1896,
- Princess Hélène of Orléans (1871–1951); married Emmanuel Philibert, 2nd Duke of Aosta in 1895.
- Prince Charles d'Orléans (1875–1875).
- Princess Isabelle d'Orléans (1878–1961); married Prince Jean D'Orléans, Duke of Guise in 1899.
- Prince Jacques d'Orléans (1880–1881).
- Princess Louise d'Orléans (1882–1958); married Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies in 1907. Through her daughter, Maria Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, she was the grandmother of King Juan Carlos I of Spain.
- Prince Ferdinand d'Orléans, Duke of Montpensier (1884–1924); married Marie Isabelle Gonzales de Olañeta y Ibaretta, Marchioness of Valdeterrazo in 1921.
Restoration of French monarchy
editThe Orleans family had been in exile in England since the Revolution of 1848 which toppled King Louis Philippe. During their early married life, the Count and Countess of Paris lived at York House, Twickenham. However, in 1871 after the Franco-Prussian War and the downfall of Napoleon III, they were allowed to return to France, and many of their properties were restored to them. In 1873, anticipating a restoration of the monarchy by the largely monarchist National Assembly that had been elected following the fall of Napoleon III, the Count of Paris withdrew his claims to the defunct French throne in favour of the legitimist claimant, Henri V, best known as the Comte de Chambord. It was assumed by most that the Count of Paris was Chambord's heir-presumptive, and would thus be able to succeed to the throne upon the childless Chambord's death, reuniting the two claims that had divided French monarchists since 1830. However, Chambord's refusal to recognize the tricolor as the French flag sabotaged hopes of a restoration, and Chambord died in 1883 without ever specifically recognizing his Orléanist rival as his heir-presumptive.
Upon the Count of Chambord's death, the Count of Paris was recognized by most monarchists as Philippe VII of France. This succession was disputed by the Carlist descendants of the Bourbon kings of Spain, who argued that being descended directly from Louis XIV their claim was greater than that of the Orléanists'; however, this argument pointedly ignored Philip V of Spain's renunciation of his and his descendants' claim to the French throne pursuant to the Treaty of Utrecht.
In 1886 the family was exiled again returning to the United Kingdom, where they first lived at Sheen House, near Richmond, where the young Rosa Lewis was a member of their household.[1] In 1890 they moved to the much grander Stowe House, where he died in 1894.[2] He was succeeded as claimant to the defunct French throne by his son Prince Philippe.
Honours
edit
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: Grand Cross of the Order of the White Falcon, 24 August 1856[3]
Denmark: Knight of the Order of the Elephant, 22 October 1885[4]
Kingdom of Portugal: Grand Cross of the Sash of the Two Orders, 22 May 1886[5][6]
Ancestry
editBibliography
edit- Flers, Hyacinthe, marquis de. Le comte de Paris. Paris: Perrin, 1888.
- Hanson, Edward. "The Wandering Princess: Princess Hélène of France, Duchess of Aosta". Fonthill, 2017.
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ Hanson, The Wandering Princess, 37, 78.
- ^ Hanson, The Wandering Princess, 66, 86
- ^ Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1869), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 15 Archived 8 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Bille-Hansen, A. C.; Holck, Harald, eds. (1893) [1st pub.:1801]. Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1893 [State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1893] (PDF). Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri. p. 5. Retrieved 26 June 2020 – via da:DIS Danmark.
- ^ Flers, Le comte de Paris
- ^ Stéphane Bern (ed.). Moi Amélie, dernière reine de Portugal (in French). pp. 112–113.
