Finike (Turkish: [feˈnice]), the ancient Phoenix or Phoinix (Ancient Greek: Φοῖνιξ),[2] also formerly Phineka,[3] is a municipality and district of Antalya Province, Turkey.[4] Its area is 768 km2,[5] and its population is 49,720 (2022).[1] It lies on the Mediterranean coast of Antalya Province in Turkey, to the west of the city of Antalya, along the Turkish Riviera. It is located on the southern shore of the Teke peninsula, and the coast here is a popular tourist destination. However, Finike is best known for its oranges, the symbol of the town.
Finike | |
|---|---|
District and municipality | |
 Port of Finike | |
 Map showing Finike District in Antalya Province | |
  Finike Location in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 36°18′N 30°09′E / 36.300°N 30.150°E | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Antalya |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Mustafa Geyikçi (CHP) |
Area | 768 km2 (297 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 3 m (10 ft) |
| Population (2022)[1] | 49,720 |
| • Density | 65/km2 (170/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Postal code | 07740 |
| Area code | 0242 |
| Website | www |
History
editFor centuries Finike, then named Phoenix or Phoinix (Φοῖνιξ) was a port town of ancient Lycia, near the mountain of the same name.[6][7] It was a trading port and the main port of Limyra, the capital city of Lycia. Phoenix was said to have been founded by Phoenicians in the 5th century BC, and thus named after its founders.
The area has been inhabited for much longer than that; archaeologists have found evidence near the town of Elmalı showing that the Teke peninsula has been settled since 3000 BC (although on the coast nothing has been uncovered dating before 2000 BC).
Trade along the coast was established first by the Persians, who relinquished Lycia to the armies of Alexander the Great. However, the coast was always vulnerable to forces from Syria, Egypt and Rhodes until it was brought within the empire of the Ancient Romans and the succeeding Byzantines. Even then the Byzantines were threatened by the Arabian armies coming from the Arabian Peninsula. The Battle of the Masts between the Arab and Byzantine fleet took place near Finike in 654. Eventually the area was lost to the Seljuk Turks in the 13th century. These were succeeded by the Ottoman Empire from 1426.
The town was inhabited by Greeks prior to the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey.[8]
Composition
editThere are 26 neighbourhoods in Finike District:[9]
Climate
editFinike has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa),[10] with very hot, muggy, virtually rainless summers, and mild winters with heavy rain.
| Climate data for Finike (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 16.3 (61.3) |
16.7 (62.1) |
19.0 (66.2) |
22.2 (72.0) |
26.4 (79.5) |
31.3 (88.3) |
34.5 (94.1) |
34.8 (94.6) |
31.7 (89.1) |
27.3 (81.1) |
22.2 (72.0) |
17.9 (64.2) |
25.1 (77.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 11.5 (52.7) |
12.0 (53.6) |
14.1 (57.4) |
17.1 (62.8) |
21.2 (70.2) |
25.8 (78.4) |
28.8 (83.8) |
29.1 (84.4) |
25.8 (78.4) |
21.5 (70.7) |
16.7 (62.1) |
13.0 (55.4) |
19.8 (67.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7.8 (46.0) |
7.9 (46.2) |
9.4 (48.9) |
12.1 (53.8) |
16.0 (60.8) |
20.0 (68.0) |
22.9 (73.2) |
23.3 (73.9) |
20.1 (68.2) |
16.5 (61.7) |
12.4 (54.3) |
9.4 (48.9) |
14.9 (58.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 208.92 (8.23) |
144.17 (5.68) |
79.48 (3.13) |
47.91 (1.89) |
21.37 (0.84) |
8.75 (0.34) |
1.91 (0.08) |
1.86 (0.07) |
14.49 (0.57) |
71.36 (2.81) |
129.08 (5.08) |
236.32 (9.30) |
965.62 (38.02) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 10.7 | 8.3 | 6.3 | 4.1 | 2.7 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 4.4 | 6.1 | 10.3 | 59.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 67.7 | 66.8 | 66.5 | 67.1 | 67.3 | 62.3 | 59.6 | 60.3 | 61.1 | 63.4 | 64.7 | 68.0 | 64.6 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 142.3 | 158.1 | 212.8 | 247.9 | 297.7 | 339.2 | 362.8 | 336.6 | 286.7 | 242.3 | 176.6 | 135.2 | 2,920.8 |
| Source: NOAA[11] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
edit
The district has a population of 49,720 (2022).[1] The town itself has 21,765 inhabitants.[12]
Finike today
edit
The local economy depends on agriculture, particularly oranges and other citrus fruits. This is supplemented by income from tourism in the summertime, although because of the lucrative orange production and the distance from Antalya, Finike has not seen the large-scale tourism boom that has so radically changed the other coastal districts of Antalya. Finike is a quiet district where people buzz around on mopeds going about their daily lives. Indeed, many of the visitors that Finike does attract are retired people in search of relaxation. That's mostly because of the construction policy of 1980. That policy made the land more suitable for investment in agriculture rather than in hotels, luxury apartments and other tourist attractions.
A type of pale limestone is quarried at Limyra, and sold as a decorative building material. It is cream colored with a homogeneous structure. Moreover, it is extremely light and that makes it ideal for building walking alleys and streets where only light vehicles pass by. The geologist classify the Limura limestone as with medium density.[13]
The port of Finike is now a yacht marina, and has a small fishing fleet. The coast is rich in marine life, including sea turtles, and fish, including local specialities red porgy (Sparidae) and grouper (Epinephelus); other fish found along the coast include leerfish (Carangidae) and the more widespread Mediterranean varieties such as bluefish, sea bream, sea bass, with swordfish, sardines and others found further out to sea. However, the coast suffers from overfishing, and many varieties, including the porgy, are in decline.
The beaches of Finike are an important nesting ground for Caretta caretta sea turtles, and the rocky parts of the coast are used by the rare Mediterranean monk seal.
Places of interest
edit- The ruins of Limyra are to be seen three miles east of the Finike, they consist of a theatre, tombs, Sarcophagi, bas-reliefs, Greek and Lycian inscriptions, etc.
- The ancient city of Arycanda, in a narrow valley off the road to Elmalı.
- The ruins of Trysa with a carved frieze depicting Theseus, on the road to Kaş.
- The small village of Turuncova, hidden in a small valley of Taurus Mountains, has preserved its traditional lifestyle and culture.
- The cave of Suluin.
- Wreck of a Phoenician merchant ship from about 1200 BC in Cape Gelidonya
There are doubtless many more places of antiquity that need to be restored.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" (XLS). TÜİK. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
- ^ Lund University. Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire.
- ^ A Gazetteer of the World: Or, Dictionary of Geographical Knowledge. Vol. 4. 1859. p. 520. Retrieved January 12, 2015.
- ^ Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
- ^ "İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
- ^ Richard Talbert, ed. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. p. 65, and directory notes accompanying. ISBN 978-0-691-03169-9.
- ^ Lund University. Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire.
- ^ Nicholas Doumanis (22 November 2012). Before the Nation: Muslim-Christian Coexistence and Its Destruction in Late-Ottoman Anatolia. Oxford University Press. pp. 39–. ISBN 978-0-19-954704-3.
- ^ Mahalle, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
- ^ "Table 1 Overview of the Köppen-Geiger climate classes including the defining criteria". Nature: Scientific Data.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Finike". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
- ^ "Finike". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
- ^ Turkey Guide Archived 2012-01-11 at the Wayback Machine