In biology, mimesis (from ancient Greek μίμησις mímēsis, "imitation")[1] is a form of crypsis where living creatures mimic the form, colour and posture of their surroundings to avoid being noticed from their surroundings by predators depending on sight.[2] One view is that mimesis, being a form of crypsis, differs from mimicry, but in English, mimesis is often counted as one of several forms of mimicry.[3]
Zoomimesis
editZoomimesis is mimicry of different animals. Examples include various visitor species of ants (myrmecophily), resembling the ants in whose nests they live.[3]
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Young Extatosoma tiaratum stick insect, an ant mimic (adults are phytomimetic)
Phytomimesis
editPhytomimesis is mimicry of plants or parts of plants.[3] Some geometer moths resemble thin twigs in appearance. Stick insects have a body shape resembling twigs or leaves (as in walking leaves). Notodontidae moths resemble the bark of deciduous trees. Some species in this family, such as the alder kitten and the sallow kitten moths, have cocoons resembling tree bark. Some potoo birds resemble broken branches.
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Leaf-tail gecko (Uroplatus) -
Dead leaf moth (Drepanepteryx phalaenoides)
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Allomimesis
editAllomimesis is mimicry of lifeless objects. Some small butterflies resemble bird droppings. Some species of fig-marigolds living in African deserts resemble stones and are thus known as "living stones".[3]
Allomimesis developed already 50 million years ago in micromoths, whose quivers in their larval stage resembled the forest soil. Evidence of this has been preserved in Baltic amber.[4]
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Bird droppings: larvae of the swallowtail butterfly Papilio cresphontes -
"Living stones" (Lithops)
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See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Pape, Wilhelm; Sengebusch, Max (ed.): Handwörterbuch der griechischen Sprache, volume 3, edition 6. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig 1914.
- ^ Remane, Adolf; Storch, Volker; Welsch, Ulrich: Kurzes Lehrbuch der Zoologie, volume 6, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3-437-20436-X, p. 352.
- ^ a b c d Schaefer, Matthias: Wörterbuch der Ökologie, volume 4, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin 2005. ISBN 3-8274-0167-4.
- ^ Weitschat, Wolfgang: Jäger, Gejagte, Parasiten und Blinde Passagiere - Momentaufnahmen aus dem Bernsteinwald, Denisia 26, new series 86, pp. 243-256, 50 figures, Linz 2009.
