Plagusia squamosa is a marine crab of the family Plagusiidae, formerly considered a subspecies of Plagusia depressa (as P. d. tuberculata).[1] It is found in tropical Indo-Pacific oceans. P. squamosa's carapace is bumpy and quite coarse, seemingly scaly, leading to its common name: The Scaly Rock Crab.
| Plagusia squamosa | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Decapoda |
| Suborder: | Pleocyemata |
| Infraorder: | Brachyura |
| Family: | Plagusiidae |
| Genus: | Plagusia |
| Species: | P. squamosa
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| Binomial name | |
| Plagusia squamosa (Herbst, 1790)
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| Synonyms [1] | |
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They are also commonly referred to as "rafting crabs" due to their propensity to live on pelagic marine animals such as sea turtles-- most notably olive ridleys (Lepidochelys olivacea).[2] They characteristically cling and float on organisms or objects. It is still not fully understood of the relationship shared between the crabs and the sea turtles, though it can be hypothesized that the relationship is either mutualistic or commensalistic.
General diet and historical habitat
editP. squamosa consumes mostly plant material and some small amphipods within a relatively full digestive tract.[2] The Scaly Rock Crab tends to occupy the intertidal and oceanic zones throughout the Pacific region.[2] The crabs tend to be held to the Indo-Pacific waters.[3] Though known as rafting crabs, the Scaly Rock Crab is normally found on rocky shores when not rafting on an organism or object in open waters.[4]
Morphology and distinguishable features
editThere are key differences in morphology and mitochondrial DNA that distinguish the scaly rock crab from other crab species it is closely related to. The crabs sometimes get mistaken for the Sally-Light-Foot crab (Gapsus albolineatus).[5] The first morphologic difference occurs in the first zoeal stage in development.[3] There is a distinct shape of the labe from the coaxial joints of the walking legs.[3] They have a body width of five to six centimeters across.[5] Their oval body is convex and covered with small bumps giving it their distinctive "scales".[5] The pincers tend to be short and slender with long walking legs that are fringed with short hairs tipped with pointy claws.[5] Mitochondrial DNA shows a clear genetic difference between P. squamosa and other species closely related to it.[3] The crabs tend to have a large mixture of colors: shades of brown, blue, purple, and orange.[1]
Effects of climate change
edit
The Scaly Rock Crab is largely contained to its Indo-Pacific habitats, but they have relatively recently been seen in the Mediterranean Sea. This is most likely due to human introduction of the species to the region or it is expanding its range due to different ecological stresses placed upon the species.[6]
References
edit- ^ a b c Peter K. L. Ng; Danièle Guinot & Peter J. F. Davie (2008). "Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 17: 1–286.
- ^ a b c 1 2 3 Frick, Michael G.; Kopitsky, Kerry; Bolten, Alan B.; Bjorndal, Karen A.; Martins, Helen R. (2011-04-09). "Sympatry in grapsoid crabs (genera Planes and Plagusia) from olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea), with descriptions of crab diets and masticatory structures". Marine Biology. 158 (8): 1699–1708. doi:10.1007/s00227-011-1684-9. ISSN 0025-3162.
- ^ a b c d 1 2 3 4 Schubart, C. D.; González Gordillo, Juan Ignacio; Reyns, N. B.; Liu, H. C.; Cuesta, J. A. (2001-12). "Are Atlantic and Indo-Pacific populations of the rafting crab, Plagusia depressa (Fabricius), distinct? New evidence from larval morphology and mtDNA". The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 49(2): 301-310. (2001). ISSN 0217-2445. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
- ^ ↑ H., Boschma, (1972-01-01). On the occurrence of Carcinus maenas (Linnaeus) and its parasite Sacculina carcini Thompson in Burma, with notes on the transport of crabs to new localities. OCLC 1176340261.
- ^ a b c d 1 2 3 4 "Rafting crab (Plagusia) on the Shores of Singapore". www.wildsingapore.com. Retrieved 2022-04-10.
- ^ Zaouali, Jeanne; Souissi, Jamila Ben; Galil, Bella S.; d'Acoz, Cedric d'Udekem; Abdallah, Abdallah Ben (January 2008). "Grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) new to the Sirte Basin, southern Mediterranean Sea—the roles of vessel traffic and climate change". Marine Biodiversity Records. 1. doi:10.1017/S1755267207007701. ISSN 1755-2672.