Bematistes alcinoe

Alcinoe bematistes
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Nymphalidae
Genus:	Bematistes
Species:	B. alcinoe
Binomial name
	Bematistes alcinoe; Weymer, 1892
Synonyms
	Acraea alcinoe Felder & Felder, 1865; Acraea (Acraea) alcinoe; Planema godmani Butler, 1895; Acraea timandra Karsch, 1893; Planema alcinoe var. camerunica Aurivillius, 1893; Planema salvini Butler, 1895; Planema nado Ungemach, 1932; Acraea alcinoe racaji;

Bematistes alcinoe, the alcinoe bematistes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, São Tomé and Príncipe, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Burundi and Tanzania.^[3]

Description

P. alcinoe differs from the two preceding species [ macaria and macarioides (pars) ] in having spots 1 b and 2 of the transverse band of the forewing distally rounded or cut off transversely, occasionally in the female with a narrow fissure between them; the transverse band of the forewing covers the extreme tip of the lower angle of the cell and also in the female usually the base of cellule 3; in the male the basal part of cellules 1 a and 1 b of the forewing above is brown-yellow and this colour shades into the transverse band without any dividing-line; in the female the median band of the hindwing is white and sharply defined. -alcinoe Fldr. (= godmani Btlr.) (57 f). The dark marginal band on the upperside of the hindwing is narrower, about 6 mm. in breadth, and less sharply defined proximally; in the male the cell of the forewing is entirely or for the most part yellow-brown. Sierra Leone to Gold Coast. - camerunica Auriv. (= salvini Btlr.) (58 e, f) has the dark marginal band on the upperside of the hindwing in both sexes broader, 9-11mm. in breadth, and more sharply defined proximally; in the male the cell of the fore wing above is entirely or for the most part black. - Larva unicolorous dark red with black spines and black head. Pupa light-coloured with black markings and on the upperside of the abdomen on each segment from 2–5 with a pair of very long, slender, black spines with yellow-red base and the tips curved into hooks; those of the second segment are longer than the rest and directed forwards, those of the fifth segment the shortest; the head with two divaricating horns. Sjostedt bred this form in numbers in the Cameroons and thus the identity of the sexes at least here has been definitely established; the specimens show only quite unimportant variations inter se. Niger to the southern Congo region.^[4]

Subspecies

Bematistes alcinoe alcinoe (Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria)
Bematistes alcinoe camerunica (Aurivillius, 1893) (Cameroon, Bioko, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Burundi, north-western Tanzania)
Bematistes alcinoe nado (Ungemach, 1932) (south-western Ethiopia)
Bematistes alcinoe racaji Pyrcz, 1991 (island of Príncipe)

Biology

The habitat consists of forests.

The larvae feed on Adenia cisampelloides.

Taxonomy

Pierre & Bernau, 2also Pierre & Bernaud, 2014 ^[5]

References

^ Weymer, G. 1892. Exotischer Lepidopteren VI. (Aus dem afrikanischen Faunengebiet). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 53: 79-125.
^ "Acraea Fabricius, 1807" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
^ "Afrotropical Butterflies: Nymphalidae - Tribe Acraeini". Archived from the original on 2012-08-10. Retrieved 2012-06-01.
^ Aurivillius, [P.O.]C. 1908-1924. In: Seitz, A. Die Grosschmetterlinge der Erde Band 13: Abt. 2, Die exotischen Grosschmetterlinge, Die afrikanischen Tagfalter, 1925, 613 Seiten, 80 Tafeln (The Macrolepidoptera of the World 13).Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ Pierre & Bernau, 2014 Classification et Liste Synonymique des Taxons du Genre Acraea pdf