The Guahibo (also called Guajibo, or Sikuani, though the latter is regarded as derogatory[citation needed]) people are an indigenous people native to the Llanos or savanna plains in eastern Colombia (Arauca, Meta, Guainia, and Vichada departments) and in southern Venezuela near the Colombian border.[1] Their population was estimated at 23,772 people in 1998.[2]
 Guahibo in Venezuela playing a siku | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| approx. 24,000 | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Colombia | 23,006 (2005 Census)Juncosa 2000, cited in SIL, "Guahibo", Ethnologue. |
 Venezuela | 8,428 (2001 census)SIL, "Guahibo", Ethnologue. |
| Languages | |
| Guahibo, Colombian Spanish, Venezuelan Spanish | |
| Religion | |
| Animism, Catholicism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Achagua, Guayupe, Hiwi, Tegua, U'wa | |
A related group, sometimes considered a sub-tribe of the Guahibo, are the Playero, whose population, estimated in the early 1980s at 200 people, live along the Arauca River.[3]
Municipalities belonging to Guahibo territory
editThe Guahibo inhabited the Llanos of Arauca.
| Name | Department | Altitude (m) urban centre |
Map |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arauquita | Arauca | 165 |  |
| Fortul | Arauca | 246 |  |
| Tame | Arauca | 340 |  |
| Labranzagrande (shared with Achagua & U'wa) |
Boyacá | 1210 |  |
History
editAn 1856 watercolor by Manuel María Paz is an early depiction of the Guahibo people in Casanare Province.[4]
From the late 1700s until at least 1970s, Guahibos and the related Cuiva people suffered severe, if sporadic, violence at the hand of Colombian and Venezuelan colonists. Episodes of violence included an 1870 massacre of over two hundred Guahibos organized by Venezuelan hacendado Pedro del Carmen Gutiérrez.[5] Hunting parties were organized to target the indigenous people over this period, a phenomenon portrayed in José Eustasio Rivera's 1924 novel La Vorágine.[5] In 1912, Colombian military officer Buenaventura Bustos wrote a letter reporting the situation: "The ‘civilized’ decimate them with bullets and pursue them without mercy, wheresoever they are, because they have an intimate conviction, and this they say without Christian shame, that they can murder savages as if they were killing beasts."[5]
Language
editGuahibo (ISO 639: GUH) belongs to the Guahiboan languages language family of South America. The existing dialects are: Guahibo (Sikuani), Amorua (Río Tomo Guahibo) and Tigrero. They each have their own languages but many are lost, now replaced by Spanish. Despite 55% illiteracy, there is a written form of Guahibo. There is a Guahibo newspaper, dictionary and grammar book.
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ "{{in lang|es}} Ministerio Colombiano del Medio Ambiente: Guahibo". Archived from the original on 2007-10-26. Retrieved 2007-04-01.
- ^ ethnologue: Guahibo
- ^ Olson, James Stuart (1991). The Indians of Central and South America: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary. p. 297. ISBN 9780313263873.
- ^ Paz, Manuel María. "Guahibo Indians, Province of Casanare". World Digital Library. Retrieved 2014-05-21.
- ^ a b c Bjork-James, Carwil (2015). "Hunting Indians: Globally Circulating Ideas and Frontier Practices in the Colombian Llanos". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 57 (1): 110. doi:10.1017/S0010417514000619. hdl:1803/7432. ISSN 1475-2999. S2CID 143437994. Retrieved 2015-01-07.
External links
edit- Guahibo artwork, National Museum of the American Indian