The Liwasang Bonifacio (Bonifacio Square), also known by its former name, Plaza Lawton, is a city square and transport hub in front of the Manila Central Post Office in the Ermita district of Manila, Philippines. It lies at the south end of Jones Bridge, MacArthur Bridge, and Quezon Bridge, which link the northern districts of Binondo, Santa Cruz, and Quiapo to the central district of Ermita. The plaza straddles the dividing line between Ermita and Intramuros and is the starting point of Padre Burgos Avenue, which connects to Taft Avenue and Roxas Boulevard in Rizal Park.
Liwasang Bonifacio | |
|---|---|
| City square | |
.jpg) Liwasang Bonifacio and the Manila Central Post Office. The centre of the plaza is dominated by a bronze statue of Andrés Bonifacio. | |
| Dedicated to | Andrés Bonifacio |
| Owner | City of Manila |
| Location | Padre Burgos Avenue and Magallanes Street, Ermita Manila, Philippines |
| Coordinates: 14°35′40″N 120°58′44″E / 14.59444°N 120.97889°E | |
Historically known as the Plaza del Fortín, the plaza was given its current name in 1963 after the revolutionary leader Andres Bonifacio, founder of the Katipunan independence movement during Spanish colonial rule. A monument in his honour now stands in the centre of the plaza. The plaza is a popular site of protests and demonstrations organized by several leftist groups; it is one of four freedom parks in the City of Manila, where protests and rallies may be held without requiring permission from local authorities.[1]
History
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During the Spanish colonial period, the land currently comprising Liwasang Bonifacio and the Manila Central Post Office was the Cuartel del Fortín, a small fortress guarding the Pasig River east of Fort Santiago. It was located in the early Chinese trading village of Parián right outside the walls of Intramuros before it moved north of the Pasig River to Binondo and Santa Cruz in the late 18th century. El Fortín served as the quarters of a contingent of the Spanish infantry regiment where it is fronted by a small plaza surrounded by stone benches and trees. The Plaza del Fortín also doubled as a public recreation area at night where early residents would gather to hear musical performances.[2] By the late 19th century, the fortress was acquired by the Compañía General de Tabacos de Filipinas and was converted into a factory called the Fabrica del Fortín. It was the largest tobacco factory in the Philippines at the time, employing more than 5,000 labourers.[3] After the Spanish–American War, the factory became the head office of the Bureau of Post and was eventually replaced by the Manila Central Post Office building.[4] The Manila tranvía had a terminal in the plaza, which was then renamed Plaza Lawton after Henry Ware Lawton, the American general killed during the Philippine–American War. A statue of Andres Bonifacio was erected here in 1963, designed by national artist Guillermo Tolentino to commemorate his birth centennial.[5] It was also in 1963 when Plaza Lawton was renamed Liwasang Bonifacio in his memory.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Bunye: Designated rally parks uphold right to free expression". GMA Network News. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
- ^ Arenas, Rafael Diaz (1850). "Memorias históricas y estadísticas de Filipinas". Imprenta del Diario de Manila. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
- ^ Gonzalez, Juan Alberto Berni. "El Tabaco Filipino, Su Historia y Su Industría Tabaquera". La Vitolfília. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
- ^ "Report of the governor general of the Philippines, 1912". University of Michigan Library. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
- ^ "Liwasang Bonifacio Historical Landmark". National Historical Commission of the Philippines. Retrieved 13 June 2015.