PmWiki

PmWiki is a wiki-based content management system designed for a collaborative creation and maintenance of websites.

PmWiki

Original author(s)	Patrick R. Michaud
Developer(s)	PmWiki community
Initial release	January 2002 (2002-01)
Stable release	2.3.38 / 2024-11-03[±]
Preview release	SVN only / nightly
Repository	pmwiki.org/pmwiki/tags/latest
Operating system	Cross-platform
Platform	PHP
Type	Wiki
License	GNU General Public License
Website	www.pmwiki.org

It is free software written in PHP, licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License.

Design focus

The PmWiki philosophy prioritizes writers over readers, aiming to facilitate easy document authoring despite limitations in document types. It supports collaborative website maintenance with built-in tools for access control, delegation, monitoring, review, and edit reversion. Ease of maintenance is a key design goal, and PmWiki is configurable and extensible, allowing independent updates to the core while maintaining compatibility with local customizations.

In addition to standard collaborative features like content management and knowledge bases, PmWiki is utilized by companies and groups as an internal communication platform offering tools for task management and meeting archives. It is also employed by university and research teams.

The PmWiki wiki markup includes unique features not found in other wiki engines. The PmWiki markup engine is customizable, and markup rules can be added, replaced or removed, and it can support other markup languages. As an example, the Creole specifications can be enabled. The edit form, since version 2.3.0, can have syntax highlighting enabled for its own wiki markup dialect.

Features

Content storage

PmWiki uses regular text files to store content. Each page of the wiki is stored in its own file on the web server. By default pages are stored in 8-bit or UTF-8 encoding, with page text, metadata, and revision history in the same file. According to the author, "For the standard operations (view, edit, page revisions), holding the information in flat files is clearly faster than accessing them in a database..."

The storage class is extensible, allowing add-ons to enable other storage systems and formats. For example, with add-ons, a website can use SQLite or MySQL databases, or XML files for storage.

PmWiki supports "attachments" (uploads: images or other files) to its wiki pages. The attachments can be versioned. There are PmWiki add-ons allowing easier management of the uploaded files, e.g. deletion or thumbnail/gallery creation.

Wiki structure

Wiki pages are contained within namespaces, called "wiki groups". Multiple namespaces can be used, and each namespace can have its own configuration options, add-ons, access control, skin, styles, sidebar (menu), the language of the content, and interface.

Hierarchically, every page is contained in a namespace. It is possible to display and navigate through pages in a tree-like structure with a "wiki trail". Through recipes, it is possible to have a flat structure (no wiki groups), multiple nested groups, or sub-pages.

Special namespaces are "PmWiki", Site, SiteAdmin, and Category which contain the documentation and some configuration templates.

Markup

The PmWiki markup shares similarities with MediaWiki. Here is a sample of commonly used markup rules.

Links are usually wrapped in double brackets, optionally with link text:

[[Other page]], [[Page|link text]], [[Page|+]] (shows the page title), [[Page#anchor|Link text]]
https://example.com/path/, mailto:mailbox@example.com (plain links)
[[https://example.com/path/|Link text]]
Wikipedia:Wiki_software (InterMap links)

It is possible to enable internal links for CamelCase words without brackets, and add-ons can enable other link markups like @Page.

Headings are preceded with exclamation marks:

! Top-level heading (<h1>)
!! Second-level heading
...
!!!!!! Sixth-level heading

It is possible to enable an automated table of contents coming with the PmWiki core, or install one among several Table of contents add-ons.

Lists are prefixed by "*" (bulleted) and "#" (numbered) and can be nested:

* List item
* List item
** Nested item

# Ordered list
# Another item
** Nested bulleted item

Directives for listing pages and attachments, and including pages and templates:

(:pagelist group=Cookbook order=-time count=20:)

(:attachlist name=*.jpg:)

(:include AnotherPage#fromanchor#toanchor:)

(:include MyTemplate variable=value othervariable="Some value":)

Other page directives allow setting the page title, description, and keywords, disabling layout sections like sidebars or footers, creating tables, or defining page text variables. Add-ons allow for extra functionality.

Inline markup:

'''Bold''', ''italic'', @@code (fixed-width)@@, %classname%CSS styled text%%,
[-small text-], [+large text+], {+inserted+}, {-deleted-}, 
'^superscript^', '_subscript_',
[@
code block, possibly with syntax highlighting
@]

Other markup rules can be enabled through recipes (add-ons).

HTML is not available for the edit form out of the box, but it is possible to enable selected tags through add-ons.

Skin templates

PmWiki offers a skin template scheme that makes it possible to change the look and feel of the wiki or website with a high degree of flexibility in both functionality and appearance.

Since version 2.3.30, the core responsive skin can have a dark theme enabled. The dark mode functions are available for reuse by custom skins.

Access control

PmWiki permits users and administrators to establish password protection for individual pages, groups of pages, or the entire site. For example, defined zones may be established to enable collaborative work by certain groups, such as in a company intranet.

Password protection can be applied to reading, editing, uploading to, and changing passwords for the restricted zone. The out-of-the-box installation uses "shared passwords" rather than login names, but a built-in option can enable a sophisticated user/group-based access control system on pages, groups of pages or the whole wiki.

PmWiki can use passwords from config files, special wiki pages, and .htpasswd/.htgroup files. There are also user-based authorization possibilities and authentication via various external sources (e.g. LDAP, forum databases, etc.).

Customization

PmWiki follows a design philosophy with the main objectives of ease of installation, maintainability, and keeping non-required features out of the core distribution of the software. This design encourages customization with a wide selection of custom extensions, known as "recipes" available from the PmWiki Cookbook. Creating and maintaining extensions and custom installations is easy thanks to a number of well documented hooks in the wiki engine.

System requirements

Recent PmWiki releases require a web server that can run PHP version 5.4 or more recent. PmWiki can be deployed to standard hosting providers, or locally. There is a "recipe" to allow running PmWiki "Standalone", with the PHP built-in webserver, for example from a USB flash drive.

Books and articles about PmWiki

The following books analyse PmWiki, have dedicated chapters or sections, compare it with other wiki and CMS software:

• Todd Stauffer, How to Do Everything With Your Web 2.0 Blog, ISBN 978-0-07-149218-8
• White, Pauxtis, Web 2.0 for Business: Learning the New Tools, ISBN 978-0-470-43618-9
• Nancy Courtney, More Technology for the Rest of Us: A Second Primer on Computing for the Non-IT Librarian, ISBN 978-1-59158-939-6
• Karen A. Coombs, Amanda J. Hollister, Open Source Web Applications for Libraries, 2010, ISBN 978-1-57387-400-7
• Holtz, Demopoulos, Blogging for Business: Everything You Need to Know And Why You Should Care, ISBN 978-1-4195-3645-8
• Ebersbach, Glaser, Heigl, Wiki: Kooperation Im Web (German), ISBN 978-3-540-35110-8
• Lange, Christoph (ed.): Wikis und Blogs - Planen, Einrichten, Verwalten, C&L 2006 (German) ISBN 978-3-936546-44-6
• Frank Kleiner, A Semantic Wiki-based Platform for IT Service Management, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Scientific Publishing, 2015, ISBN 978-3-731-50333-0
• Pullman, Baotong, Designing Web-Based Applications for 21st Century Writing Classrooms, Taylor & Francis, Abingdon-on-Thames, 2016, ISBN 978-1-351-86810-5
• Tim Massaro, Toni Cairns (IBM), Collaborate Quickly with Wiki!, iSeries NEWS, 2005
• Brian May, Open Source Applications on IBM i, System iNEWS, 2009
• Lauren Barack, Never-Ending Story (Histoire sans fin), School Library Journal, 2007, about a collaborative effort of 8 authors writing a children's book on PmWiki
• Brenda Chawner, Paul Lewis, WikiWikiWebs: New Ways to Communicate in a Web Environment, Information Technology & Libraries, 2006.
• Matthew Bejune (Perdue U), Wikis in Libraries, Information Technology & Libraries, 2007

PmWiki has been featured in a number of printed and online magazines including Inc Magazine, Linux Gazette, PCMag, LXer, Framasoft, Linuxfr.

The page PmWiki References lists publications about PmWiki in various languages.

See also

• Comparison of wiki software
• WikiWikiWeb

External links

• PmWiki Home Page
• Wiki Communities in the Context of Work Processes, DOI:10.1145/1104973.1104977, Frank Fuchs-Kittowski, Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin, octobre 2005, on the choice of PmWiki for organizing community knowledge bases and its integration with an analytics software.
• Keys to Success: How a small French university manages and supports Sakai CLE, Eric Duquenoy, Frédéric Dooremont, San Diego, 2013, on the integration of PmWiki with Sakai.
• Mashing Congress: Using Web 2.0 Tools to Teach Congressional Research, Karen Munro, Jesse Silva, DttP, 2008, on the choice of PmWiki for a library knowledge base that hosts tutorials, micro-Web sites, RSS feeds and a custom search engine.
• Geospatial data and server on USB, S. Lyle, Richard Smith, Cynthia M. Lyle, juin 2010, on the creation of an online and offline distributed PmWiki knowledge base on hurricane preparedness and evacuation decision-making, developed for NASA's John C. Stennis Space Center (NASA SSC).
• Media2mult: A Wiki-Based Authoring Tool For Collaborative Development Of Multimedial Documents, Martin Gieseking, Oliver Vornberger, Osnabrück University, Germany, 2008, on the use and extension of PmWiki.