The People's Rally for Progress (Arabic: التجمع الشعبي من أجل التقدم; French: Rassemblement populaire pour le Progrès, RPP) is a political party in Djibouti. It has dominated politics in the country since 1979, initially under the rule of President Hassan Gouled Aptidon. Today it is led by President Ismaïl Omar Guelleh and is in a coalition government with Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy (FRUD) and other parties. The RPP tends to hold more influence among the Issa population.
 | |
| Leader | Ismaïl Omar Guelleh |
| Founded | March 4, 1979[1] in Dikhil |
| Headquarters | Djibouti City |
| Ideology | Issa interests Democratic socialism[citation needed] Social democracy[citation needed] |
| Political position | Left-wing[citation needed] |
| National affiliation | Union for the Presidential Majority |
| Colors | Green |
| Website | |
| http://www.rpp.dj/ | |
The RPP was founded in Dikhil on March 4, 1979.[2] It was declared the sole legal party in October 1981, retaining this status until multiparty politics was introduced in the September 1992 referendum.[3] At the party congress held on 19–20 March 1997, Gouled Aptidon was re-elected as RPP President and a 125-member Central Committee was elected.[4] It contested the December 1997 parliamentary election in alliance with the moderate faction of FRUD (which had signed a peace agreement with the government in December 1994), and this alliance won 79% of the vote, taking all 65 seats in the National Assembly.[5]
On February 4, 1999, President Gouled Aptidon announced that he would retire at the time of the next election, and an extraordinary congress of the RPP, chose Guelleh as its presidential candidate.[6] As the joint candidate of the RPP and moderate wing of the Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy (FRUD), Guelleh won the presidential election held on April 9, 1999 with 74% of the vote, defeating his only challenger, the independent candidate Moussa Ahmed Idriss.[7]
In the parliamentary election held on 10 January 2003, the party was part of the Union for a Presidential Majority (Union pour la Majorité Présidentielle, UMP), that won 63% of the popular vote and all 65 seats.
The RPP opened its Eighth Ordinary Congress on March 4, 2004,[2][8] coinciding with the party's 25th anniversary. At this congress, Guelleh was unanimously re-elected as RPP President by acclamation for another three-year term, and the RPP Central Committee was expanded from 180 to 250 members.[2] On March 4, 2007, the RPP held its Ninth Ordinary Congress; Guelleh was again re-elected as RPP President, and three women were added to the Political Bureau, expanding it to 17 members.[9] It contested the February 2008 parliamentary election together with its UMP coalition partners,[10][11] and the UMP again won all 65 seats amidst an opposition boycott.[10]
Electoral history
editPresidential elections
edit| Election | Party candidate | Votes | % | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1981 | Hassan Gouled Aptidon | 97,473 | 84.58% | Elected 
|
| 1987 | 90,675 | 99.23% | Elected
| |
| 1993 | 45,162 | 60.7% | Elected
| |
| 1999 | Ismaïl Omar Guelleh | 76,853 | 74.02% | Elected
|
| 2005 | 144,433 | 100% | Elected
| |
| 2011 | 89,942 | 80.63% | Elected
| |
| 2016 | 111,389 | 87.07% | Elected
| |
| 2021 | 167,536 | 97.44% | Elected
|
National Assembly elections
edit| Election | Party leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1977 | Hassan Gouled Aptidon | as RPI |
65.8% | 65 / 65
|
 65
|
1st
|
Supermajority government |
| 1982 | 77,984 | 100% | 65 / 65
|
|
1st
|
Sole legal party | |
| 1987 | 88,193 | 100% | 65 / 65
|
|
1st
|
Sole legal party | |
| 1992 | 53,578 | 74.59% | 65 / 65
|
|
1st
|
Supermajority government | |
| 1997 | 72,073
joint candidate list with FRUD |
78.56% | 54 / 65
|
|
1st
|
RPP-FRUD coalition government | |
| 2003 | Ismaïl Omar Guelleh | 53,293
as part of the UMP |
62.7% | 65 / 65
|
|
1st
|
UMP coalition government |
| 2008 | 103,463 as part of the UMP |
94.06% | 65 / 65
|
|
1st
|
UMP coalition government | |
| 2013 | 74,016 as part of the UMP |
61.5% | 55 / 65
|
 10
|
1st
|
UMP coalition government | |
| 2018 | 105,278 as part of the UMP |
87.83% | 57 / 65
|
2
|
1st
|
UMP coalition government | |
| 2023 | 159,658 as part of the UMP |
93.68% | 58 / 65
|
1
|
1st
|
UMP coalition government |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Lansford, Tom (2019). Political Handbook of the World 2018-2019. p. 442. ISBN 9781544327136.
- ^ a b c "Récit d’une journée commémorant les 25 ans d’existence du RPP"[permanent dead link], La Nation (Djibouti), March 8, 2004 (in French).
- ^ "Chronology for Afars in Djibouti", Minorities at Risk Project (UNHCR Refworld), 2004.
- ^ "First FRUD congress held", Indian Ocean Newsletter, 16 April 1997 (Horn of Africa Monthly Review, 21 February–28 April 1997).
- ^ Political Handbook of the World: 1998 (1998), page 261 (cited in "Djibouti: Political opposition parties (This Response replaces an earlier version dated 13 January 1999. Archived 20 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine", Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (UNHCR Refworld), DJI31018.FE, 1 February 1999.
- ^ "Djibouti: President Gouled Aptidon to retire in April after 22 years in power", AFP (nl.newsbank.com), February 4, 1999.
- ^ "Proclamation du Président de la République de Djibouti par le Conseil Constitutionnel." Archived 2007-08-16 at the Wayback Machine, Journal Officiel de la République de Djibouti (in French).
- ^ "Djibouti president chairs ruling party congress.", BBC Monitoring International Reports, March 4, 2004.
- ^ "L'art de rassembler" Archived 2007-11-19 at the Wayback Machine, La Nation, March 5, 2007 (in French).
- ^ a b IPU-PARLINE page for 2008 election.
- ^ "14% de sièges aux femmes" Archived 2008-01-19 at the Wayback Machine, La Nation, 16 January 2008 (in French).