Port Hedland is one of the largest iron ore loading ports in the world and the largest in Australia. In 2022, it had the largest bulk cargo throughput in Australia. With the neighboring ports of Port Walcott and Dampier, Port Hedland is one of three major iron ore exporting ports in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.[2]
| Port of Port Hedland | |
|---|---|
 View of the harbour at Port Hedland, looking west from the public jetty towards the bulk carrier Shagang Haili, berthed at Finucane Island, April 2012. | |
 Location of Port Hedland | |
| Location | |
| Country | Australia |
| Location | Port Hedland, Western Australia |
| Coordinates | 20°19.0′S 118°34.5′E / 20.3167°S 118.5750°E |
| UN/LOCODE | AUPHE[1] |
| Details | |
| Opened | 1896 |
| Operated by | Pilbara Ports Authority |
| Type of harbour | Seaport |
| No. of berths | 19 |
| Draft depth | 19.8 m |
| Statistics | |
| Vessel arrivals | 3,281 (2021/22) |
| Annual cargo tonnage | 561 million tonnes (2021/22) |
| Website Pilbara Ports Authority | |
History
editNamed after Captain Hedland, the Master of a ship that anchored there in 1863, Port Hedland was first developed in order to service the needs of the local pastoral industry in East Pilbara. The first jetty was built in 1896, this was extended in 1908 after the discovery of gold in the Marble Bar area.[3]
Until the 1930s the port was predominantly used to import goods and stores for the local industries and to export pearl, shell, wool, livestock, gold, tin and copper. With the end of World War II, the port began exporting significant amounts of manganese.[3]
The 1960s saw the development of the port by the iron ore and salt industries. Mount Goldsworthy Mining Associates, a company later absorbed by BHP, dredged an approach channel and turning basin for 65,000 DWT ships. Meanwhile, the Leslie Salt Company, from August 2001 Dampier Salt (part of Rio Tinto), built a land backed wharf and facilities to aid salt exports and fuel imports.[3][4]
Further dredging was performed after the Mount Newman Mining Company, a subsidiary of BHP, chose Port Hedland as its export port. The new works allowed for ships up to 120,000 DWT.[3]
Between the 1960s and today and extensive dredging and building has taken Port Hedland from a convenient anchorage to 15 berths capable of loading various ores and goods onto ships ranging from 25,000 DWT to 320,000 DWT.[3]
In 2005/06 Port Hedland became the first Australian port to export in excess of 100 million tonnes annually. In 2010/11 the port exported a record 199 million tonnes, making it the largest port by cargo tonnage in Australia.[3]
In 2021/22, 561 million tonnes of cargo passed through the port.[5]
Port authority
editPort Hedland's harbour is managed by the Pilbara Port Authority, a Government of Western Australia instrumentality. The port authority's headquarters, control tower and heliport are at Mangrove Point, just to the west of The Esplanade at the western end of Port Hedland.
The tugboat pen, customs office and public jetty are at nearby Laurentius Point. The harbour's wharves are located on both sides of the harbour – Finucane Island to the west and Port Hedland to the east.
Geography
editThe points are key references to the port and its composition. Mangrove and Laurentius points are already mentioned, Utah Point, and Anderson Point are located in the inner part of the harbour and exist within the complex of current berths.
Berths
editAllocation of berths includes a commercial in confidence agreement between the PPA and BHP[6][7] known as the Harriet Point agreement[8]
- Finucane Island berths - BHP berths FIA, FIB, FIC & FID, PPA Wharf 4
- Anderson Point berths - Fortescue Metals Group berths 1,2,3 and 4,5 (in South West Creek)
- South West Creek - Roy Hill Stanley Point SP 1 & SP 2
- Inner Harbour berths - PPA Wharves 1,2 & 3 and BHP berths Nelson Point NPA, NPB, NPC, NPD[9]
Gallery
editAccess by oceangoing vessels into and out of the harbour is via a narrow curved channel. The following series of images depicts a 225 m (246.1 yd) long bulk carrier, Darya Shanthi, using the channel to enter the harbour. Visible in the foreground of each image is part of the harbour's system of mangroves.
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Port statistics
edit| 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total cargo (tonnes) | 246,672,060 | 199,002,079 | 178,625,449 | 159,390,660 | 130,707,208 | 111,809,432 |
| Imports | ||||||
| Sulphuric acid | 10,003 | 6,011 | – | 73,577 | 69,649 | 145,336 |
| Bitumen | – | – | – | 3,185 | 1,284 | 3,825 |
| Caustic soda | – | 4,166 | – | 7,433 | 7,032 | – |
| Ammonium nitrate | 16,100 | – | – | – | 389 | – |
| Cement | 186,870 | 98,573 | 163,604 | 82,803 | 25,148 | – |
| Fuel oils | 1,216,044 | 988,990 | 822,794 | 713,226 | 619,957 | 527,256 |
| General & containerised cargo | 227,186 | 172,285 | 167,796 | 128,642 | 70,487 | 136,022 |
| Total imports (tonnes) | 1,656,203 | 1,270,025 | 1,154,194 | 1,008,866 | 793,946 | 812,439 |
| Exports | ||||||
| Iron ore | 238,932,735 | 192,548,683 | 173,957,507 | 153,895,882 | 125,267,292 | 106,616,567 |
| Hot briquetted iron | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Hot briquetted iron fines | – | – | 44,576 | 324,389 | 321,702 | – |
| Manganese | 1,958,419 | 1,881,708 | 1,645,950 | 920,216 | 1,217,026 | 1,184,927 |
| Chromite | 411,647 | 173,236 | 143,421 | 180,128 | 209,792 | 219,337 |
| Copper | 433,904 | 461,383 | 479,545 | 423,050 | 417,075 | 249,824 |
| Feldspar | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Salt | 3,197,203 | 2,623,412 | 1,165,401 | 2,609,954 | 2,409,527 | 2,669,441 |
| Scrap | 70,245 | 39,002 | 25,150 | 20,008 | 39,051 | – |
| Livestock | – | – | 7,817 | 5,825 | 7,951 | 6,335 |
| General & containerised cargo | 11,703 | 4,630 | 1,888 | 2,342 | 23,846 | 50,562 |
| Total exports (tonnes) | 245,015,856 | 197,732,054 | 177,471,255 | 158,381,794 | 129,913,262 | 110,996,993 |
| Shipping | ||||||
| Gross registered tonnage | 145,056,987 | 112,081,735 | 100,040,087 | 74,012,123 | 63,614,547 | 62,370,169 |
| Deadweight tonnage | 277,313,992 | 216,454,152 | 193,442,785 | 142,870,875 | 122,810,231 | 120,119,965 |
| No. of vessels | 1,843 | 1,474 | 1,303 | 1,027 | 888 | 925 |
References
edit- ^ "UNLOCODE (AU) - AUSTRALIA". www.unece.org. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). Retrieved 8 October 2020.
- ^ Annual Report 2022 Pilbara Port Authority
- ^ a b c d e f "Port Profile and Handbook". PHPA website]. Port Hedland Port Authority. 12 December 2013. Archived from the original on 10 April 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
- ^ "History". Rio Tinto Dampier Salt. Rio Tinto. Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ Port of Port Hedland at a Glance Pilbara Port Authority
- ^ Michael Hobbs. "BHP struck secret deal over Port Hedland capacity". Australian Financial Review. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
- ^ Michael Hobbs (13 November 2013). "BHP struck secret deal over Port Hedland capacity". Farm Weekly. Archived from the original on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
- ^ Evans, Nick (2014) Secret deal risks port sale, West Business, p.125, The Weekend West, 20–21 September 2014
- ^ Wilson, Jimmy. "Macquarie Western Australia Forum" (PDF). BHP. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ "Cargo Statistics & Port Information" (PDF). PHPA website. Port Hedland Port Authority. November 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
- ^ "Cargo Statistics & Port Information". PHPA website. Port Hedland Port Authority. 2011. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
Further reading
edit- Shaw, Murray (2006). Moving Mountains: The Evolution of Port Hedland Harbour. Carlisle, Western Australia: Hesperian Press. ISBN 085905389X.