Portrait of Charlotte du Val d'Ognes
Portrait of Charlotte du Val d'Ognes is an 1801 painting (portrait painting) attributed to Marie-Denise Villers. It is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.[1] The painting was first acquired by the museum in 1922 and attributed to Jacques Louis David. Later, the painting was attributed to Constance Marie Charpentier and finally to Villers.
| Portrait of Charlotte du Val d'Ognes | |
|---|---|
| Marie Joséphine Charlotte du Val d'Ognes | |
 | |
| Artist | Marie-Denise Villers  |
| Year | 1801 |
| Medium | oil paint, canvas |
| Dimensions | 161.3 cm (63.5 in) × 128.6 cm (50.6 in) |
| Location | Metropolitan Museum of Art |
| Accession No. | 17.120.204 |
| Identifiers | The Met object ID: 437903 |
Early history and creation
editBecause the painting is unsigned, it has been attributed incorrectly over time.[2] It was first exhibited at the 1801 Salon, during the year that Jacques Louis David boycotted the exhibition.[2] A member of the Val d'Ognes family believed it had been painted by David.[1]
Later history and display
editThe Met bought the painting, attributed to David, for two hundred thousand dollars in 1922.[2] In 1951, Charles Sterling of the Met admitted that the painting may not have been David's.[2] Sterling was first tipped off that the painting was not David's because the artist had boycotted the 1801 Salon.[1] The mistake was published in the Met's January 1951 Bulletin.[3][4] The painting may have been Constance Marie Charpentier's because of some evidence found in Salon entries seem to indicate it was hers, however David's name did not come off of the frame until 1977.[2] Sterling's reattribution of the painting to Charpentier was also based on analysis of her painting, Melancholy (1801).[5]
Later, in 1996, Margaret Oppenheimer realized that the painting should instead be attributed to Marie Denise Villers.[3][1] Oppenheimer's reattribution is based on a modello by Villers, A Young Woman Seated by a Window.[6]
In 2011 Anne Higonnet argued that the work is a self-portrait.[7]
Description and interpretation
editThe work depicts the 15 or 16 year old woman Marie Joséphine Charlotte du Val d'Ognes (1786 - 1868) drawing in front of a broken window. Behind d'Ognes, a couple stand on a parapet.[2] In the Concise Dictionary of Women Artists (2001), Valerie Mainz describes the broken window as a "tour de force of the painter's art distinguishing, in its trompe-l'oeil effect, the view of the scene outside as to be seen as only partly through glass."[5] The room depicted in the painting is actually a gallery of the Louvre, as discovered by art historian Anne Higonnet.[8][9]
During the time when the picture was presumed to be David's, it was assumed that the woman in the painting was his student, drawing him as he painted her.[10] Andre Maurois said that it was "a perfect picture, unforgettable."[2] Critical response to the work prior to attributing the work to Charpentier was often positive.[11][12]
After Sterling admitted the picture may not be David's, he called it a "merciless portrait of an intelligent, homely woman."[2] He also felt that the anatomy of the portrait was incorrect.[5] Other critics suddenly found faults in the portrait, now that it was no longer considered a David and ascribed to Charpentier instead.[11][9] James Laver wrote of the painting in 1964, "Although the painting is extremely attractive as a period piece, there are certain weaknesses of which a painter of David's calibre would not have been guilty."[12]
In a more modern take, Germaine Greer wrote that the picture "does not seek to charm, nor does it seek to portray the sexual vitality of its sitter" and felt that it was a feminist painting in nature.[2] Other feminist critics began to ascribe a feminine aspect to the painting.[13]
The Louvre gallery discovered by Higonnet in 2014 was used by women to teach and be instructed in art.[8] Higonnet therefore believes the painting is a portrait of a woman by a woman.[8] The named woman, Charlotte du Val d'Ognes, once wanted to be a professional artist, but chose instead to give up art when she was married.[8] Bridget Quinn describes the painting as a moment where "two young women longing to make art found themselves in a brief period of opportunity, when instruction, exhibition and even fame were possible."[14]
References
editCitations
edit- ^ a b c d "Portrait of Charlotte du Val d'Ognes". Metropolitan Museum of Art.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Greer 2001, p. 142.
- ^ a b Quinn 2017, p. 56.
- ^ Sterling, Charles (1951). "A Fine "David" Reattributed". The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin. 9 (5): 121–132. doi:10.2307/3257483. JSTOR 3257483.
- ^ a b c Mainz 2001, p. 247.
- ^ Quinn 2017, p. 57.
- ^ Higonnet, Anne. "White Dress, Broken Glass: Starting All Over Again in the Age of Revolution." Norma Hugh Lifton Lecture. School of the Art Institute, Chicago. October 2011.
- ^ a b c d Quinn 2017, p. 58.
- ^ a b James 1997, p. xiii.
- ^ "Jacques Louis David (1748-1825)". LIFE. Vol. 5, no. 13. 26 September 1938. p. 38.
- ^ a b Lauter, Estella (1993). "Re-enfranchising Art: Feminist Interventions in the Theory of Art". In Hein, Hilde; Korsmeyer, Carolyn (eds.). Aesthetics in Feminist Perspective. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 23. ISBN 9780253114884.
- ^ a b Parker & Pollock 2013, p. 106.
- ^ James 1997, p. xiv.
- ^ Quinn 2017, p. 59.
Sources
edit- Greer, Germaine (2001). The Obstacle Race: The Fortunes of Women Painters and Their Work. London: Tauris Parke Paperbacks. ISBN 1860646778.
- James, Liz (1997). "Introduction: Women's Studies, Gender Studies, Byzantine Studies". Women, Men, and Eunuchs: Gender in Byzantium. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415146852.
- Mainz, Valerie (2001). "Charpentier, Constance". In Gaze, Delia (ed.). Concise Dictionary of Women Artists. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9781579583354.
- Parker, Rozsika; Pollock, Griselda (2013). Old Mistresses: Women, Art and Ideology (2nd ed.). London: I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd. ISBN 9780857722263.
- Quinn, Bridget (2017). Broad Strokes: 15 Women Who Made Art and Made History (In That Order). San Francisco: Chronicle Books. ISBN 9781452152837.