Pratijnayaugandharayana (Sanskrit: प्रतिज्ञायौगन्धरायणम्, Pratijñāyaugandharāyaṇam) (English: The Pledge of Minister Yaugandharāyaṇa) is a Sanskrit play in four acts written by the ancient Indian poet Bhāsa. It is the oldest extant political play of India[1] and the prequel to Bhāsa's Svapnavasavadattam.[2][3][4] These plays were written by Bhāsa on the account of Udayana, king of Vatsa (Kaushambi).
Throughout the play, Yaugandharayana, minister of Udayana, takes two vows which are ultimately fulfilled.[5]
Background
editPratijnayaugandharayana was rediscovered, along with Bhāsa's 12 other plays, in 1912 by Indian scholar T. Ganapati Sastri.[6][7] As with other plays of Bhasa, the name of the author does not appear in the prologue of the play or anywhere else in the extant manuscripts. But a verse from the play is attributed to Bhasa in Subhashitavali, a 15th century anthology compiled by Vallabhadeva.[8]
The play is based on Udayana's story in the ancient Indian epic Brihatkatha, written by Gunadhya.[9]
Plot
editThe plot is set before the events of Svapnavasavadattam.[10][3] It describes the imprisonment of Vatsa King Udayana under Pradyota, King of Ujjayini and the events in Ujjayini, following his capture.[3]
While out on a hunting trip, Prince Udayana is tricked into being captured by his enemy, King Pradyota. Pradyota's daughter, Vasavadatta, takes music lessons from the captured prince, and they fall in love. Yaugandharayana, Udayana's minister, helps them and Udayana elopes with Vasavadatta.[9]
The story is presented through action and narration—by minor characters.[5]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Varadpande, Manohar Laxman (2005). History of Indian Theatre: Classical theatre. New Delhi: Shakti Malik, Abhinav Publications. p. 60. ISBN 81-7017-430-9.
- ^ Keith, Arthur Berriedale (1924). The Sanskrit Drama in Its Origin, Development, Theory & Practice. Clarendon Press. pp. 91–126.
- ^ a b c Ayyar, A.S.P (1942). Bhasa (The Indian Men of Letter Series) (1st ed.). Mylapore, Madras: The Madras Law Journal Office. pp. 112–124.
- ^ P.G, Dr. Rajukkuttan (2015). Malayala Nadakam (M.A. IInd Year) (I ed.). Kozhikkode: Calicut University. p. 6.
- ^ a b Pillai, K. Raghavan (2007). Datta, Amaresh; Lal, Mohan (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Navaratri-Sarvasena (4th ed.). New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. p. 3331. ISBN 978-81-260-1003-1.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors (link) - ^ "Bhāsa". A Dictionary of Hinduism. Oxford University Press. January 2009. ISBN 978-0-19-861025-0.
- ^ "Bhasa". The Oxford Companion to Indian Theatre. Oxford University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-19-564446-3.
- ^ A. K. Warder (1977). Indian Kāvya Literature. Vol. 3: The Early Medieval Period (Śūdraka to Viśākhadatta). Motilal Banarsidass. p. 6. ISBN 978-81-208-0615-3.
- ^ a b Mukherjee, Sujit (1998). A Dictionary of Indian Literature: Beginnings-1850. Orient Blackswan. pp. 295–296. ISBN 978-81-250-1453-9.
- ^ D.D.Kosambi, Pracheena Barathathinte Samskaravum Nagarikathayum: Charithraparamaya rooparekha (Translation: M Leelavathi (Page 294)
External links
edit- Pratijnayaugandharayana at the Internet Archive (edited by T. Ganapati Sastri with commentary)
- English translation of the play (tr. A. S. P. Ayyar).