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Presidential Office Building, Taipei

(Redirected from Presidential Office Building (Taiwan))
This article is about the building in Taiwan. For the governmental agency, see Office of the President (Taiwan).

The Presidential Office Building is the work place of the president of the Republic of China on Taiwan. The building, located in the Zhongzheng District in the national capital — Taipei, was designed by architect Uheiji Nagano during the period of Japanese rule of Taiwan (1895–1945). The structure originally housed the Office of the Governor-General of Taiwan. The right wing of the building was damaged in Allied bombing during World War II, which was restored after the war by Chen Yi, the governor-general of Taiwan Province. It became the Presidential Office in 1950 after the government of the Republic of China lost control of mainland China and relocated the nation's capital to Taipei at the end of the Chinese Civil War. At present, this Baroque-style building is a symbol of the central government and a famous historical landmark in downtown Taipei.

Presidential Office
總統府
Zǒngtǒngfǔ (Mandarin)
Chóng-thóng-hú (Taiwanese)
Chúng-thúng-fú (Hakka)
The Presidential Office Building facade
Map
Former namesGovernment-General of Taiwan
(臺灣總督府)
Alternative namesPresidential Palace
General information
Architectural styleRenaissance-baroque
LocationTaipei, Taiwan
Address122 Section 1 Chongqing South Road, Zhongzheng District
Coordinates25°2′24″N 121°30′43″E / 25.04000°N 121.51194°E / 25.04000; 121.51194
Elevation8m
Current tenantsROC President
ROC Vice President
Construction started1 June 1912
Completed31 March 1919
Cost¥2.8 million
Height60m (tower)
Design and construction
Architect(s)Uheiji Nagano (長野宇平治), Matsunosuke Moriyama [ja]
TypeGovernment
Designated30 July 1998
Office of the President
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese中華民國總統府
Simplified Chinese中华民国总统府
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhōnghuá Mínguó Zǒngtǒngfǔ
Bopomofoㄓㄨㄥ ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄗㄨㄥˇ ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄈㄨˇ
Wade–GilesChung1-hua2 Min2-kuo2 Tsung3-t'ung3-fu3
Tongyong PinyinJhonghuá Mínguó Zǒngtǒngfǔ
Hakka
Pha̍k-fa-sṳChûng-fà Mìn-koet Chúng-thúng-fú
Southern Min
Hokkien POJTiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Chóng-thóng-hú
Tâi-lôTiong-huâ Bîn-kok Tsóng-thóng-hú
Eastern Min
Fuzhou BUCDṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók Cūng-tūng-hū
Government-General of Taiwan
Traditional Chinese臺灣總督府
Transcriptions
Hakka
Pha̍k-fa-sṳThòi-vân Chúng-tuk-fú
Southern Min
Hokkien POJTâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú
Tâi-lôTâi-uân Tsóng-tok-hú
Japanese name
Kanaたいわんそうとくふ
Kyūjitai臺灣總督府
Shinjitai台湾総督府
Transcriptions
RomanizationTaiwan Sōtoku-fu

History

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At the time Japanese rule of Taiwan and the Pescadores began in 1895, the governor-general of Taiwan set up temporary headquarters at the former Qing dynasty secretariat.[1] The new rulers began making long-term plans for development of the island. The plans soon included building a new headquarters for the governor-general. A two-stage architectural design contest was held in 1906 and 1910.

 
During the Japanese era, the building served as the office of the Governor General of Taiwan

The architectural design of Uheiji Nagano was selected in 1910. Aspects of the design typical of Japanese architects in Taiwan's colonial period include a façade facing east and a creative blend of traditional European elements (Renaissance, Baroque and neoclassical). Plans were submitted to Tokyo where revisions were made to Nagano's original design. Tokyo authorities increased the height of the initial six-story central tower to 11 stories and made defensive improvements to the defense and corner towers. Construction began on 1 June 1912 and was completed on 31 March 1919 at a cost of 2.8 million Japanese yen. It became one of the best-known buildings in Taiwan during the period of Japanese rule after construction finished.

During the Second World War, the building suffered heavy bombing from the Allied Powers and was severely damaged. On 31 May 1945, during the Raid on Taihoku, bombs hit the front left side, main lobby, and northern sections of the Taiwan Governor-General's Office. The fire burned for three days, damaging large parts of the building. Forty-five days after the air raid, Japan surrendered.

The building was not repaired until 1947, when the Taiwan Provincial Government initiated a restoration plan funded through private donations. The restoration involved approximately 81,000 workers and was completed at the end of 1948, looking only slightly different from the original building. Since the timing of the restoration's completion coincided with the 60th birthday of President Chiang Kai-shek, it was renamed Chieh Shou Hall. ("Chieh Shou" means "Long live Chiang Kai-shek".) Beginning in mid-1949, the building served as the southeast military affairs office and, following the retreat of the ROC central government from mainland China to Taiwan, it became the Office of the President in 1950. In 2006 the name Chieh Shou Hall was dropped. The structure is officially referred to in English simply as the Presidential Office Building. It was previously known as the Presidential Palace.

Chronology

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Architecture

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The Presidential Office Building occupies the city block between Chongqing South Road and Bo'ai Road in downtown Taipei. It is designed in the shape of two squares stretching from Baoqing Road to Guiyang Street.

The 130 meter-wide facade faces east down multi-lane Ketagalan Boulevard. This reflects the concerns of its Japanese architects, who often oriented important structures toward the rising sun at the head of long avenues. (This feature may also be seen in Main Library of National Taiwan University.)

The building has ten entrances but only the front entrance and west gate are used for official functions. In the original design an ornate Baroque-style domed entrance hall greeted visiting dignitaries. This entrance hall was reconstructed with simpler interior features after destruction of the first hall in World War II. The west gate, the formal rear entrance of the building, features a grand marble staircase and porch lined with Ionic and Corinthian pillars.

The two-part main building, six stories high, mainly houses government offices and maintenance services. The office wings feature balconies and long corridor that allow view of the sunlit North and South Gardens.

The 60-meter tower at the center of the building was the tallest structure in the Taipei Basin during Japanese rule. When the Nationalist regime took power, a platform was built at the top floor to enable martial flag-raising ceremonies.

The Presidential Office Building stands within walking distance of the Judicial Yuan Building, 228 Memorial Park, the National Taiwan Museum, the original hospital of the National Taiwan University, the original East Gate of the City of Taipei, the Chang Yung Fa Foundation Building (formerly Kuomintang Party Headquarters) and the National Theater and Concert Hall at Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall. A few blocks to the west is Taipei's popular Ximending shopping district with its historic cinema and Zhongshan Hall. A few blocks to the north is Taipei Main Station and Shin Kong Life Tower.

Access

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The building is accessible within walking distance South West from NTU Hospital Station of the Taipei Metro.

Former President Chen Shui-bian revealed that the grounds of the Shilin Official Residence contain the entrance to a hidden tunnel that connects to the Presidential Office Building.[5]

In 2019, Taiwan’s Presidential Office Building, in collaboration with the General Association of Chinese Culture [zh] (GACC), organized a program called 'Spend A Night at Taiwan’s Presidential Office Building,' allowing international guests to visit and stay overnight at the building.[6] Ten groups of participants from 11 countries were selected.[7] The event was held again in 2023, and 15 groups of participants were selected from 12 countries.[8]

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "History of the Presidential Office Building". Office of the President Republic of China (Taiwan). Retrieved 5 October 2017.
  2. ^ "Truck crashes into Presidential Office - Taipei Times". 26 January 2014.
  3. ^ "China builds replicas of Taiwan targets with 2016 in mind: expert".
  4. ^ Lu, Hsin-hui; Liu, Chien-pan; Hsu, Elizabeth (18 August 2017). "Assailant claims sword attack at Presidential Office was political". Focus Taiwan. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  5. ^ "What's in a secret? - The China Post". Archived from the original on 2011-06-12.
  6. ^ "After a four-year hiatus, GACC is making a strong comeback by inviting the world to come to Taiwan and Spend a Night at Taiwan's Presidential Office Building". Spend A Night @ Taiwan's Presidential Office Building. 2023-04-21. Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  7. ^ ""Spend A Night @ Taiwan's Presidential Office Building" Announces Its Final Selection of 10 Groups from Around the Globe". Spend A Night @ Taiwan's Presidential Office Building. 2019-09-24. Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  8. ^ Wu, Tim (2023-09-01). "The "Spend a Night @ Taiwan's Presidential Office Building" shortlist revealed with 15 groups of proposers chosen". Taiwan Immigrants' Global News Network-The "Spend a Night @ Taiwan's Presidential Office Building" shortlist revealed with 15 groups of proposers chosen. Retrieved 2024-09-24.

Further reading

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