Kuniyoshi, Prince Kuni (久邇宮邦彦王, Kuni-no-miya Kuniyoshi ō, 23 June 1873 – 29 June 1929) was a member of the Japanese imperial family and a field marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army during the Meiji and Taishō periods. He was the father of Empress Kōjun (who in turn was the consort of the Emperor Hirohito), and therefore, the maternal grandfather of Emperor Emeritus Akihito.
| Kuniyoshi | |
|---|---|
| Prince Kuni | |
 | |
| Prince Kuni | |
| Reign | 1891–1929 |
| Predecessor | Prince Kuni Asahiko |
| Successor | Prince Kuni Asaakira |
| Born | 23 June 1873 Kyoto, Japan |
| Died | 29 June 1929 (aged 56) Tokyo, Japan |
| Spouse | Shimazu Chikako |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance | Empire of Japan |
| Service |  Imperial Japanese Army |
| Years of service | 1897–1929 |
| Rank | Field Marshal (Gensui)  |
| Battles / wars | Russo-Japanese War |
| Awards | Order of the Golden Kite (4th class) Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun |
Biography
editEarly life
editPrince Kuni Kuniyoshi was born in Kyoto, the third son of Prince Kuni Asahiko (Kuni-no-miya Asahiko Shinnō) and the court lady Isume Makiko. His father, Prince Asahiko (also known as Shōren-no-miya Sun'yu and Nagakawa-no-miya Asahiko), was a son of Prince Fushimi Kuniye (Fushimi-no-miya Kuniie Shinnō), the head of one of ōke branch houses of the imperial dynasty entitled to provide a successor to the throne of Japan. In 1872, Emperor Meiji granted Prince Asahiko the title "Kuni-no-miya" and authorized him to begin a new branch of the imperial family.
Prince Kuniyoshi succeeded to the title upon his father's death on 29th October 1891. His half-brothers, Prince Asaka Yasuhiko, Prince Higashikuni Naruhiko, Prince Nashimoto Morimasa, and Prince Kaya Kuninori, all formed new branches of the imperial family during the Meiji period.
Military career
editPrince Kuni Kuniyoshi graduated from the 7th class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1897 as a second lieutenant, and was promoted to lieutenant in February 1899 and to captain in March 1901. Promoted to major in the infantry in November 1904, during the Russo-Japanese War he was assigned to the staff of General Kuroki Tamemoto, commander of the IJA 1st Army. For his war services he was awarded the Order of the Golden Kite (4th class). He then graduated from the Army War College and was assigned to the 3rd Regiment of the Imperial Guards Division.
From 1907 to 1910, he studied military tactics in Germany and was attached to Second Regiment of the Prussian Foot Guards. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in April 1908 and to colonel in December 1910. Upon returning to Japan, Prince Kuni rose to the rank of major general in August 1913 and given command of the 38th Infantry Regiment. Later he commanded the Imperial Guard of Japan and rose to the rank of lieutenant general in August 1917 and commander of the IJA 15th Division. Along with that command, he received the additional post of chief priest of Meiji Shrine.
Prince Kuni became a full general and a member of the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff in August 1923. An early advocate of military aviation, one of his protégés was Yamamoto Isoroku, the future admiral and commander-in-chief of the Imperial Japanese Navy. On 27 June 1929 (two days before his death), Emperor Hirohito promoted him to the honorary rank of field marshal and granted him the Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum.
He was the target of a failed assassination attempt by Cho Myeongha in Taichung.[1]
Prince Kuni's death occurred soon after he arrived at his villa at Atami, of an acute onset of an undisclosed disease.
Honours
editHe received the following orders and decorations:[2]
Empire of Japan:
- Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun, with Paulownia Flowers, November 1893
- Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum, November 1903; Collar, 27 January 1929
- Order of the Golden Kite, 4th Class, April 1906
United Kingdom: Honorary Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, 21 July 1909[3]
Spain: Grand Cross with collar of the Order of Charles III, 16 March 1908[4]
German Empire: Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle, 15 October 1908
Bavaria: Knight of the Order of St. Hubert, 12 January 1909
Kingdom of Italy: Knight of the Order of the Annunciation, 10 February 1909
Austria-Hungary: Grand Cross of the Order of St. Stephen, 20 February 1909
Kingdom of Serbia: Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the White Eagle, 4 March 1909
Kingdom of Bulgaria: Grand Cross of the Order of St. Alexander, 6 March 1909
Ottoman Empire: Order of Osmanieh, 1st Class, 11 March 1909
Kingdom of Romania: Grand Cross of the Order of Carol I, 28 March 1909
Russian Empire: Knight of the Order of St. Andrew, 14 April 1909
France: Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour, 12 June 1909
Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Royal Order of Leopold, with Swords, 22 June 1909
Netherlands: Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion, 25 June 1909
Marriage and family
edit
On 13 December 1889, Prince Kuni Kuniyoshi married Shimazu Chikako (19 October 1879 – 9 September 1956), the seventh daughter of Prince Shimazu Tadayoshi, the last daimyō of Satsuma Domain. The marriage represented an alliance between the imperial family and the Satsuma clan.
- Prince Kuni Asaakira (久邇宮朝融王, 2 February 1901 – 3 December 1959)
- Marquis Kuni Kunihisa (久邇邦久, 20 March 1902 – 5 March 1935)
- Princess Kuni Nagako (香淳皇后/良子女王, 6 March 1903 – 16 June 2000): married Crown Prince Hirohito (the future Emperor Shōwa) in 1924.
- Princess Kuni Nobuko (信子女王, 30 March 1904 – 8 November 1945)
- Princess Kuni Satoko (智子女王, 1 September 1906 – 15 November 1989)
- Count Higashifushimi Kunihide (東伏見慈洽, 10 May 1910 – 1 January 2014)
References
edit- ^ Han Cheung (8 May 2022). "Taiwan in Time: A royal assassination attempt". Taipei Times. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
- ^ 刑部芳則 (2017). 明治時代の勲章外交儀礼 (PDF) (in Japanese). 明治聖徳記念学会紀要. pp. 160–161.
- ^ "No. 28273". The London Gazette. 23 July 1909. p. 5620.
- ^ Guía oficial de España, 1930. P.221
- Dupuy, Trevor N. (1992). Harper Encyclopedia of Military Biography. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc. ISBN 0-7858-0437-4.
- Fujitani, T; Cox, Alvin D (1998). Splendid Monarchy: Power and Pageantry in Modern Japan. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21371-8.