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Principality of Sedan

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The Principality of Sedan (French: Principauté de Sedan) was an independent Protestant state centered on the Château de Sedan (now the city of Sedan) in the Ardennes. It was ruled by the Prince of Sedan (French: Prince de Sedan), who belonged to the noble La Marck and La Tour d'Auvergne families. The Princes of Sedan asserted and acquired recognition of their sovereignty gradually between the 1520s and 1580s by means of adopting the princely title, minting coin, legislating and signing treaties. In 1641, during the Thirty Years' War, the Prince submitted to France and his principality was occupied the following year. In 1651 the reduced principality was exchanged for other lands in France and was annexed to the crown.

Principality of Sedan
Principauté de Sedan (French)
1424–1642
Map of the Principality
Map of the Principality
Status
CapitalSedan
Religion
Protestantism
GovernmentPrincipality
Prince of Sedan 
• 1424–1454
Eberhard II (first)
• 1623–1642
Frédéric Maurice (last)
Historical eraLate Middle Ages
• Established
1424
• French annexation
1642
 Succeeded by
Kingdom of France
The Château de Sedan, seat of the Lords, and later Princes, of Sedan

Geography

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The following villages were located in the Principality of Sedan: Illy, Givonne, Douzy, Pouru-Saint-Remy, Rubécourt-et-Lamécourt, Balan, Fleigneux, Bazeilles, La Chapelle, La Moncelle, Villers-Cernay, Raucourt-et-Flaba, Noyers-Pont-Maugis, Wadelincourt, Haraucourt, Thelonne, Bulson, and Angecourt.[1]

History

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Inside the fortifications of the Château de Sedan
 
The Protestant church in Sedan, later Catholicized and re-dedicated to Charles Borromeo

The history of Sedan begins in 1424, when Eberhard II von der Mark (1364–1440) (son of Eberhard I von der Mark and grandson of Engelbert II of the Mark, ruler of the County of Mark) began construction of the Château de Sedan in the vicinity of the Benedictine Abbey of Mouzon. Erard II von der Mark was the first ruler to style himself Lord of Sedan (Fr.: seigneur de Sedan). In the following years, the town of Sedan grew up in the area between the Château de Sedan and the Meuse.

In the wake of the Protestant Reformation, Henri-Robert de la Marck and his wife Françoise de Bourbon-Vendôme were attracted to the Huguenot movement. In 1560, they declared Sedan's independence from the Kingdom of France. Particularly in the wake of the 1562 Massacre of Vassy, Sedan became one of the leading refuges for French speaking Protestants. The Academy of Sedan, founded in 1579, became one of the chief Huguenot academies.

With the death of Guillaume Robert de la Marck in 1588, the principality passed to his daughter, Charlotte de La Marck. In 1591, she married Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, who thereupon assumed her titles, becoming Prince of Sedan and Duke of Bouillon. As such, the principality passed from the House of La Marck to the House of La Tour d'Auvergne. Charlotte died childless in 1594, and the principality was ultimately inherited by Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne's son by his second marriage.

Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne was accused of participating in the 1602 plot to assassinate Henry IV of France led by Charles de Gontaut, duc de Biron and the 1604 intrigues involving Henry IV's former mistress, Catherine Henriette de Balzac d'Entragues. In 1604, Henry IV declared Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne's lands forfeit to the crown of France and led an expedition to Sedan in 1606. He also participated in a 1613 noble revolt against the king. Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne's son, Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne, shared his father's antipathy to royal power. In 1630, he participated in a revolt led by Gaston, Duke of Orléans.

Sedan finally lost its independence during the Thirty Years' War. In spite of a victory over French royal forces at the Battle of La Marfée, held 6 July 1641, it soon became obvious that Sedan could no longer resist the forces of Louis XIII of France. In 1642, Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne participated in the failed conspiracy led by Henri Coiffier de Ruzé, Marquis of Cinq-Mars; in the wake of Cinq-Mars' execution, Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne struck a deal with Louis XIII, who agreed to spare his life and give him a commission in the French army in Italy in exchange for the relinquishment of Sedan's sovereignty. Sedan was thus annexed to the French crown in 1642. Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne's younger brother, Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne would go on to achieve fame as France's leading general. In 1709, at the request of Lord Chancellor of France Henri François d'Aguesseau, the Parlement of Paris passed a decree reaffirming the French crown's sovereignty over Sedan.

List of rulers

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Lords of Sedan, 1424–1560

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Robert Fleuranges III de La Marck, Lord of Sedan 1536–37
From To Lord of Sedan Other titles Held
1424 1440 Eberhard II von der Mark Lord of Arenberg
1440 Johann II von der Mark Lord of Arenberg
1487 Robert I de la Marck Châtelain of Bouillon
1487 1536 Robert II de la Marck Duke of Bouillon
1536 1537 Robert Fleuranges III de La Marck Duke of Bouillon
1537 1556 Robert IV de la Marck Duke of Bouillon, Earl of Braine & Maulevrier
1556 1560 Henri Robert de la Marck Duke of Bouillon

Princes of Sedan, 1560–1642

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Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne, the last Prince of Sedan, 1623–42
From To Prince of Sedan Other titles Held
1560 1574 Henri Robert de la Marck Duke of Bouillon
1574 1588 Guillaume Robert de la Marck Duke of Bouillon, Marquess of Cotron
1588 1594[2] Charlotte de La Marck Duchess of Bouillon
1591[3] 1623 Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne Duke of Bouillon, Count of Montfort, Count of Nègrepelisse, Viscount of Turenne, Viscount of Castillon, Viscount of Lanquais
1623[4] 1642 Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne Duke of Bouillon

Religious leaders

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Interior of the Protestant church in Sedan.

Protestant pastors

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The Princes of Sedan founded the Academy of Sedan for the training of Protestant pastors.

Protestant refugees

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Famous burials in the Protestant church

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Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon, Prince of Sedan 1591–1623, who was buried in the Protestant church in Sedan.

The Protestant Princes of Sedan were buried in the Protestant church in Sedan. Burials in the church include:

Other famous residents

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Notes

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  1. ^ "Sedan | History, Geography, & Points of Interest". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
  2. ^ Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne became co-ruler as Prince of Sedan and Duke of Bouillon upon marrying Charlotte de la Marck in 1591. Charlotte de la Marck remained Princess of Sedan and Duchess of Bouillon until her death in 1594.
  3. ^ Co-ruler of Charlotte upon their marriage
  4. ^ Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne was still a minor when his father died, so his mother, Countess Elisabeth of Nassau, served as regent from 1623 to 1626.
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