Starodub (Russian: Староду́б, IPA: [stərɐˈdup], lit. 'old oak') is a town in Bryansk Oblast, Russia, on the Babinets River in the Dnieper basin, 169 kilometers (105 mi) southwest of Bryansk. Population: 17,687 (2021 Census);[7] 19,010 (2010 Census);[3] 18,643 (2002 Census);[8] 18,906 (1989 Soviet census);[9] 16,000 (1975).
Starodub
Стародуб | |
|---|---|
 Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ | |
 Flag _(1782).png) Coat of arms | |
Location of Starodub  | |
  Starodub Location of Starodub  Starodub Starodub (Bryansk Oblast) | |
| Coordinates: 52°35′N 32°46′E / 52.583°N 32.767°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Bryansk Oblast[2] |
| Known since | 11th century |
| Elevation | 180 m (590 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 19,010 |
| • Subordinated to | Starodubsky Urban Administrative Okrug (town of oblast significance)[2] |
| • Capital of | Starodubsky Urban Administrative Okrug,[2] Starodubsky District[1] |
| • Urban okrug | Starodub Urban Okrug[4] |
| • Capital of | Starodub Urban Okrug[4] |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK  [5]) |
| Postal code(s)[6] | 142943 |
| OKTMO ID | 15750000001 |
 | |
History
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Starodub has been known since the 11th century, when it was a part of the Principality of Chernigov.[10] It was plundered by the Cumans in 1080.[10] It was burned to the ground by the Mongols in the 13th century.
It became a part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 14th century (soon part of the Polish–Lithuanian union), and Grand Duke Algirdas rebuilt it as a defensive stronghold against Muscovites and Tatars.[10] In 1408, it was granted to Duke Švitrigaila.[10] In 1503, it passed to the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In 1535, it was besieged and captured by Polish-Lithuanian forces and the defenders were executed however, it soon fell back to Muscovy. In 1616, it was recaptured by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, within which it became a county seat in the Smolensk Voivodeship.[10] During the Smolensk War, in 1632, it was captured by Russia, however, it was restored to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1634.[10] In 1648, during the Khmelnytskyi Uprising, Zaporozhian Cossacks seized the town, and 188 families of local Ruthenian nobility recognized the Cossack hetman as a new governor,[11] within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, after which the Ukrainians staged a anti-Jewish pogrom.[12] In 1654, it passed to Russia, confirmed in 1686.[10] In 1660, the town was ravaged by Tatars, and in 1663 it was attacked by the Poles.[10] Starodub became the center of Starodub Cossack Regiment and enjoyed a large measure of autonomy between 1666 and 1686. In 1677 the town suffered a fire.[10]
Starodub remained rudiments of Cossack Hetmanate's administrative division until 1782 when it became an uyezd town. In 1796, Starodub was incorporated into Chernigov Governorate. In 1867, Starodub had a population of 12,042.[13] In 1870, there were ten factories, including nine tanneries.[13] Four annual fairs were held.[13] In 1918, the town was occupied by the Germans[citation needed] and the town was part of the Ukrainian People's Republic.[citation needed] The Soviet authority was instated in November 1918.[citation needed]
During the Soviet period, Starodub was a part of Gomel Governorate (1919–1926), Bryansk Governorate (1926–1929), Western Oblast (1929–1937), and Oryol Oblast (1937–1944). The town was once again occupied by the Germans between August 18, 1941 and September 22, 1943. The Germans operated a Nazi prison and a forced labour battalion for Jews in the town.[14][15] Starodub finally became a part of Bryansk Oblast in 1944.
Administrative and municipal status
editWithin the framework of administrative divisions, Starodub serves as the administrative center of Starodubsky District,[1] even though it is not a part of it.[2] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as Starodubsky Urban Administrative Okrug—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, Starodubsky Urban Administrative Okrug is incorporated as Starodub Urban Okrug.[2]
Prior to January 1, 2013, Starodub was administratively incorporated as a town of district significance within Starodubsky District.
Architecture
editAs a significant center of the Cossack Hetmanate, Starodub is the only place in Russia where authentic examples of Ukrainian Baroque may be seen. The Nativity Cathedral, built in 1617 and overhauled after a conflagration in 1677, is a typical example of Cossack Baroque. The Epiphany Church goes back to 1789, while the Church of St. Nicholas was erected in the Neoclassical style in 1802.
Notable people
edit- Alexandra Ramm-Pfemfert (1883–1963), translator
- Uri Nissan Gnessin (1879–1913), writer
- Menahem Gnessin (1882–1951), actor
- Pavlo Skoropadskyi (1873–1945), Hetman of Ukraine, went to school in Starodub
- Ivan Skoropadskyi (1646–1722), Zaporizhian Hetman, was at one point stationed in the town, when he was colonel of the Starodub Cossack regiment
References
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c d Law #13-Z
- ^ a b c d e Law #69-Z
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ a b Law #3-Z
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XI (in Polish). Warszawa. 1890. p. 247.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Kotljarchuk, Andrej (2006). In the Shadows of Poland and Russia: the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Sweden in the European Crisis of the mid-17th Century (PDF) (PhD dissertation). Södertörn University. p. 237. ISBN 9789189315631.
- ^ "ЕЭБЕ/Стародуб — Викитека". ru.wikisource.org (in Russian). Retrieved September 29, 2024.
- ^ a b c Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XI. p. 246.
- ^ "NS-Gefängnis Starodub". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved October 28, 2022.
- ^ "Jüdisches Arbeitsbataillon Starodub". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved October 28, 2022.
Sources
edit- Брянская областная Дума. Закон №13-З от 5 июня 1997 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Брянской области», в ред. Закона №4-З от 5 февраля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Брянской области». Опубликован: "Брянский рабочий", №119, 24 июня 1997 г. (Bryansk Oblast Duma. Law #13-Z of June 5, 1997 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Bryansk Oblast, as amended by the Law #4-Z of February 5, 2014 On Amending Various Legislative Acts of Bryansk Oblast. ).
- Брянская областная Дума. Закон №69-З от 2 ноября 2012 г. «Об образовании городских административных округов, поселковых административных округов, сельских административных округов, установлении границ, наименований и административных центров административных округов в Брянской области». Вступил в силу 1 января 2013 г. Опубликован: Информационный бюллетень "Официальная Брянщина", №16, 6 ноября 2012 г.. (Bryansk Oblast Duma. Law #69-Z of November 2, 2002 On the Establishment of Urban Administrative Okrugs, Settlement Administrative Okrugs, Rural Administrative Okrugs, on Establishing Borders, Names, and Administrative Centers of the Administrative Okrugs of Bryansk Oblast. Effective as of January 1, 2013.).
- Брянская областная Дума. Закон №3-З от 9 марта 2005 г. «О наделении муниципальных образований статусом статусом городского округа, муниципального района, городского поселения, сельского поселения и установлении границ муниципальных образований в Брянской области», в ред. Закона №75-З от 28 сентября 2015 г. «Об изменении статуса населённого пункта посёлок Красный Ятвиж Клетнянского района Брянской области». Вступил в силу через 10 дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Брянская неделя", №13, 8 апреля 2005 г. (Bryansk Oblast Duma. Law #3-Z of March 9, 2005 On Granting the Municipal Formations the Status of Urban Okrug, Municipal District, Urban Settlement, Rural Settlement and on Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Bryansk Oblast, as amended by the Law #75-Z of September 28, 2015 On Changing the Status of the Inhabited Locality the Settlement of Krasny Yatvizh in Kletnyansky District of Bryansk Oblast. Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the official publication.).
External links
edit- Official website of Starodub (in Russian)
- Unofficial website of Starodub (in Russian)
- The murder of the Jews of Starodub during World War II, at Yad Vashem website.