Provideniya (Russian: Провиде́ния, IPA: [prəvʲɪˈdʲenʲɪjə]; Chukchi: Гуврэл Guvrel) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Providensky District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on Komsomolskaya Bay (a part of Providence Bay) in the northeastern part of the autonomous okrug, across the Bering Strait from Alaska, and very close to the International Date Line. The population has declined in recent decades: 1,970 (2010 Census);[3] 2,723 (2002 Census);[8] 5,432 (1989 Soviet census).[9]
Provideniya
Провидения | |
|---|---|
 View of Provideniya from Komsomolskaya Bay | |
Location of Provideniya  | |
  Provideniya Location of Provideniya  Provideniya Provideniya (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug) | |
| Coordinates: 64°25′N 173°15′W / 64.417°N 173.250°W | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Chukotka Autonomous Okrug[1] |
| Administrative district | Providensky District[1] |
| Founded | May 10, 1946[2] |
| Urban-type settlement status since | April 25, 1957[2] |
| Government | |
| • Head[2] | Dmitry Olkhovik[2] |
| Population | |
| • Total | 1,970 |
| • Estimate (January 2016)[4] | 2,082 |
| • Capital of | Providensky District[1] |
| • Municipal district | Providensky Municipal District[5] |
| • Urban settlement | Provideniya Urban Settlement[5] |
| • Capital of | Providensky Municipal District,[5] Provideniya Urban Settlement[5] |
| Time zone | UTC+12 (MSK+9  [6]) |
| Postal code(s)[7] | 689251 |
| OKTMO ID | 77710000051 |
Geography
editProvideniya is a former Soviet military port, sited on a fjord sheltered from the Bering Sea. The largest inhabited locality east of Anadyr, it was established as a port to serve the eastern end of the Northern Sea Route.[2] The port is found in Komsomolskaya Bay (named after the Soviet Komsomol youth organization), a part of the much larger Provideniya Bay, providing a suitable deep water harbor for Russian ships, close to the southern limits of the winter ice fields. Lake Istikhed is located south of Provideniya airfield, on the eastern side of the bay.[10]
History
edit
After discovery in 1660 of Providence Bay by the Russian expedition led by Kurbata Ivanov, the surrounding waters became a regular site for wintering fishing, whaling, and merchant ships. In the early 20th century, with the beginning of the development of the Northern Sea Route along the coast of the bay, a coal depot was constructed for refueling ships heading west back across the Arctic and in 1933 the first buildings of the future seaport were constructed in what would later become the settlement of Provideniya (lit. "of Providence").[2] In 1937, with the arrival of a convoy with building materials for the construction company Providenstroy, active construction of the port and the settlement began.[2] On May 10, 1946, the settlement of Provideniya was officially established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR.[2] The settlement continued to grow quickly and military units began to be deployed here.[2] On April 25, 1957, it was granted work settlement status.[2] In 1975, it was planned to grow the settlement into a town with a population of twelve thousand and to rename it "Dezhnyov".[citation needed] However, social and economic upheavals in the post-Soviet period left these plans unfulfilled and in the period from 1994 to 2002 no construction was undertaken at all.[2]
Administrative and municipal status
editWithin the framework of administrative divisions, Provideniya serves as the administrative center of Providensky District, to which it is directly subordinated.[1] As a municipal division, the urban-type settlement of Provideniya is incorporated within Providensky Municipal District as Provideniya Urban Settlement.[5]
Economy and infrastructure
editThere is a technical school, one functioning movie theater, a post office, a museum of Chukotka history and culture, one of the only two ski slopes in Chukotka, a bakery complex, and port facilities.
Transport
editThe settlement is served by the Provideniya Bay Airport, the closest Russian airport to the United States.
Provideniya is sometimes referred to as the Doorway to the Arctic, and since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, tourism from nearby Alaska has given the local economy a significant boost. Bering Air, an Alaskan airline, offers charter services to the Provideniya Bay Airport from both Nome and Anchorage. Alaska Airlines made a Friendship Flight to Provideniya in July 1988. Chukotavia provides flights to Anadyr.
High-sprung transports connect the settlement's concrete slabbed main street with outlying destinations along the fjord and coast.
Demographics
editA significant proportion of the settlement's current residents are Yupik, reflecting the high percentage of indigenous peoples in both Providensky and Chukotsky Districts. The settlement and the surrounding area struggle from alcoholism (which is especially high in indigenous areas), causing a high death rate, a low birth rate, and the population decline since 1990.
Climate
editProvideniya has a dry-summer polar climate (Köppen ETs), although winters are not as severe due to the coastal location and colorful flowers help bring the tundra to life during the summer. Winter temperatures are significantly higher than at other places within Chukotka such as Uelen and Ushakovskoye, because it is a more southerly settlement with greater maritime influence from the Bering Sea, as is the case with nearby Nome in the US, which has similar winter conditions. Summers are generally cool and the settlement receives heavy rainfall, especially when low pressure systems move northwards from the Pacific Ocean.
| Climate data for Provideniya | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 7.1 (44.8) |
5.1 (41.2) |
3.7 (38.7) |
6.6 (43.9) |
15.2 (59.4) |
26.2 (79.2) |
25.3 (77.5) |
22.8 (73.0) |
19.1 (66.4) |
12.0 (53.6) |
7.5 (45.5) |
6.1 (43.0) |
26.2 (79.2) |
| Mean maximum °C (°F) | −0.5 (31.1) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
2.5 (36.5) |
9.1 (48.4) |
16.7 (62.1) |
19.6 (67.3) |
17.4 (63.3) |
12.5 (54.5) |
6.2 (43.2) |
3.1 (37.6) |
0.8 (33.4) |
20.2 (68.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −12 (10) |
−11.5 (11.3) |
−9.3 (15.3) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
2.6 (36.7) |
9.0 (48.2) |
12.4 (54.3) |
11.6 (52.9) |
7.5 (45.5) |
1.1 (34.0) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
−9.5 (14.9) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −15.1 (4.8) |
−14.7 (5.5) |
−13 (9) |
−8 (18) |
0.0 (32.0) |
5.8 (42.4) |
9.3 (48.7) |
8.9 (48.0) |
5.1 (41.2) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
−12.3 (9.9) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −18.2 (−0.8) |
−17.9 (−0.2) |
−16.6 (2.1) |
−11.4 (11.5) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
2.5 (36.5) |
6.2 (43.2) |
6.3 (43.3) |
2.4 (36.3) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
−9.3 (15.3) |
−15.1 (4.8) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
| Mean minimum °C (°F) | −29.1 (−20.4) |
−29.7 (−21.5) |
−27 (−17) |
−22.2 (−8.0) |
−11.1 (12.0) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
2.6 (36.7) |
2.2 (36.0) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
−10.6 (12.9) |
−19.9 (−3.8) |
−25.8 (−14.4) |
−31.8 (−25.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −39.7 (−39.5) |
−43.2 (−45.8) |
−38.7 (−37.7) |
−36.5 (−33.7) |
−22 (−8) |
−7 (19) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
−9.4 (15.1) |
−18.6 (−1.5) |
−28.7 (−19.7) |
−35.4 (−31.7) |
−43.2 (−45.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 57.7 (2.27) |
48.4 (1.91) |
38.5 (1.52) |
37.2 (1.46) |
33.6 (1.32) |
28.1 (1.11) |
49.5 (1.95) |
75.6 (2.98) |
64.4 (2.54) |
77.2 (3.04) |
89.0 (3.50) |
52.5 (2.07) |
651.7 (25.66) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.3 | 8.5 | 6.7 | 7.2 | 6.3 | 4.9 | 6.5 | 10.9 | 8.3 | 8.8 | 9.5 | 8.7 | 93.6 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 12.4 | 84.7 | 173.6 | 204.0 | 189.1 | 216.0 | 182.9 | 130.2 | 114.0 | 71.3 | 27.0 | 3.1 | 1,408.3 |
| Source 1: Météo climat stats[11] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Météo Climat[12] | |||||||||||||
Religion
edit
An evangelical church run by the local Moldovan community and missionaries is located in Provideniya.[13] A Russian Orthodox church also operates.
See also
editReferences
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c d e Directive #517-rp
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Official website of Providensky District. Urban and Rural Settlements Archived May 17, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Численность постоянного населения Чукотского автономного округа по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2016 года Archived August 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
- ^ a b c d e Law #45-OZ
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ Google Earth
- ^ "Moyennes 1981–2010 Russie (Asie)" (in French). Retrieved November 1, 2019.
- ^ "Météo Climat stats for Butha Providenja". Météo Climat. Retrieved November 1, 2019.
- ^ "Bringing light to a dark corner of Russia".
Sources
edit- Правительство Чукотского автономного округа. Распоряжение №517-рп от 30 декабря 2008 г. «Об утверждении реестра административно-территориальных и территориальных образований Чукотского автономного округа», в ред. Распоряжения №323-рп от 27 июня 2011 г. «О внесении изменений в Распоряжение Правительства Чукотского автономного округа от 30 декабря 2008 года №517-рп». Опубликован: База данных "Консультант-плюс". (Government of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Directive #517-rp of December 30, 2008 On the Adoption of the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial and Territorial Formations of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, as amended by the Directive #323-rp of June 27, 2011 On Amending the Government of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Directive No. 517-rp of December 30, 2008. ).
- Дума Чукотского автономного округа. Закон №45-ОЗ от 29 ноября 2004 г. «О статусе, границах и административных центрах муниципальных образований на территории Провиденского района Чукотского автономного округа», в ред. Закона №89-ОЗ от 20 октября 2010 г «О преобразовании путём объединения поселений на территории Провиденского муниципального района и внесении изменений в Закон Чукотского автономного округа "О статусе, границах и административных центрах муниципальных образований на территории Провиденского района Чукотского автономного округа"». Вступил в силу через десять дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ведомости", №31/1 (178/1), 10 декабря 2004 г. (Duma of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Law #45-OZ of November 29, 2004 On the Status, Borders, and Administrative Centers of the Municipal Formations on the Territory of Providensky District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, as amended by the Law #89-OZ of October 20, 2010 On the Transformation via Merger of the Settlements on the Territory of Providensky Municipal District and on Amending the Law of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug "On the Status, Borders, and Administrative Centers of the Municipal Formations on the Territory of Providensky District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug". Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication date.).
External links
edit- Provideniya photo gallery Archived October 1, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
- Panoramas of Provideniya
- More photos of Provideniya