The Church of the Province of West Africa is a province of the Anglican Communion, covering 17 dioceses in eight countries of West Africa, specifically in Cameroon, Cape Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Senegal and Sierra Leone. Ghana is the country with most dioceses, now numbering 11.
| Church of the Province of West Africa | |
|---|---|
| Classification | Protestant (with various theological and doctrinal identities, including Anglo-Catholic, Liberal, Evangelical) |
| Orientation | Anglican |
| Scripture | Holy Bible |
| Theology | Anglican doctrine |
| Polity | Episcopal |
| Primate | Cyril Kobina Ben-Smith |
| Territory | Cameroon, Cape Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Senegal, Sierra Leone |
| Members | c. 1,000,000 |
History
editMissionary work began in Ghana in 1752. The Church of the Province of West Africa was established in 1951 by the bishops of five West African dioceses (Accra, Lagos, Niger, Sierra Leone and the Diocese of Gambia and Guinea) with the consent of the Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1977 they were joined by the Diocese of Liberia. In February 1979, the new Church of Nigeria was inaugurated as a separate province. In 1981 Sierra Leone was divided into the Diocese of Freetown and the new missionary Diocese of Bo and four new Ghanaian dioceses of Cape Coast, Koforidua, Sekondi and Sunyani/Tamale were formed. In 1985 the Gambia and Guinea diocese was partitioned into English-speaking Gambia and French-speaking Guinea. The Diocese of Asante Mampong, previously a suffragan see to Kumasi, was inaugurated in November 2014.[1]
The final total of 17 represents 11 dioceses in Ghana and 6 in the other seven nations. For this reason actions are in hand to move towards making Ghana a separate province. The country already has the status of an "internal province", the archbishop of which was until 2019 the Primate of the whole Province of West Africa.[2]
Today, the church has to survive in areas of civil unrest where Christians remain a small minority.
- List of archbishops
- 1951–1955 Leslie Gordon Vining (Bishop of Lagos)
- 1955–1961 James Lawrence Cecil Horstead (Bishop of Sierra Leone)
- 1961–1969 Cecil John Patterson (Bishop on the Niger)
- 1969–1981 Moses Nathanael Christopher Omobiala Scott (Bishop of Sierra Leone)
- 1981–1982 Ishmael Mills Le-Maire (Bishop of Accra)
- 1982–1989 George Daniel Browne (Bishop of Liberia)
- 1993–2003 Robert Garshong Allotey Okine (Bishop of Koforidua, Ghana)
- 2003–2012 Justice Ofei Akrofi (Bishop of Accra)
- 2012–2014 Solomon Tilewa Johnson (Bishop of Gambia and the Rio Pongas, and Archbishop of the internal province of West Africa)
- 2014–2019 Daniel Sarfo (Bishop of Kumasi, and Archbishop of the internal province of Ghana)
- 2019–2022 Jonathan B. B. Hart (Bishop of Liberia and Archbishop of the Internal Province of West Africa)
- 2022–present Cyril Kobina Ben-Smith (Bishop of Asante Mampong and Archbishop of the Church of the Province of West Africa)
Membership
editToday, there are over one million Anglicans out of an estimated population of 35 million in the countries that form the province.
Structure
edit
The polity of the Church of the Province of West Africa is episcopal church governance, which is the same as other Anglican churches. Geographical parishes are organized into dioceses, and since 2012 the dioceses have been grouped into internal provinces.[3] There are 2 internal provinces (each led by a metropolitan archbishop) consisting of 17 dioceses (each led by a diocesan bishop).[4]
Dioceses and bishops
edit- Internal Province of West Africa
- Anglican Diocese of Bo – Emmanuel Tucker
- Anglican Diocese of Cameroon – Dibo Thomas-Babyngton Elango
- Anglican Diocese of Freetown – Thomas Arnold Ikunika Wilson
- Anglican Diocese of Gambia – James Allen Yaw Odico
- Anglican Diocese of Guinea – Jacques Boston
- Episcopal Diocese of Liberia – Jonathan Bau-Bau Bonaparte Hart (Metropolitan archbishop and Primate)
- Internal Province of Ghana
- Anglican Diocese of Accra - Daniel Torto
- Anglican Diocese of Asante Mampong - Cyril Kobina Ben-Smith (Metropolitan archbishop since 2021)[5]
- Anglican Diocese of Cape Coast – Victor Atta-Baffoe
- Anglican Diocese of Ho – Matthias Mededues-Badohu
- Anglican Diocese of Koforidua – Felix Odei Annancy
- Anglican Diocese of Kumasi – Daniel Sarfo
- Anglican Diocese of Sekondi – John Otoo
- Anglican Diocese of Sunyani – Festus Yeboah Asuamah
- Anglican Diocese of Tamale – Jacob Kofi Ayeebo
- Anglican Diocese of Wiawso – Abraham Kobina Ackah
- Anglican Diocese of Dunkwa-on-Offin – Edmund Dawson Ahmoah
Worship and liturgy
editThe Church of the Province of West Africa embraces three orders of ministry: deacon, priest, and bishop. A local variant of the Book of Common Prayer is used, as well as the Church of England Alternative Service Book which is used in the Diocese of Tamale on account of its more accessible use of modern English.
Doctrine and practice
editThe center of the Church of the Province of West Africa's teaching is the life and resurrection of Jesus Christ. The basic teachings of the church, or catechism, includes:
- Jesus Christ is fully human and fully God. He died and was resurrected from the dead.
- Jesus provides the way of eternal life for those who believe.
- The Old and New Testaments of the Bible were written by people "under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit". The Apocrypha are additional books that are used in Christian worship, but not for the formation of doctrine.
- The two great and necessary sacraments are Holy Baptism and Holy Eucharist
- Other sacramental rites are confirmation, ordination, marriage, reconciliation of a penitent, and unction.
- Belief in heaven, hell, and Jesus's return in glory.
The threefold sources of authority in Anglicanism are scripture, tradition, and reason. These three sources uphold and critique each other in a dynamic way. This balance of scripture, tradition and reason is traced to the work of Richard Hooker, a sixteenth-century apologist. In Hooker's model, scripture is the primary means of arriving at doctrine and things stated plainly in scripture are accepted as true. Issues that are ambiguous are determined by tradition, which is checked by reason.[6]
Ordination of women
editAt its 20th Provincial Synod in 2000, the Province approved in principle the ordination of women to the priesthood.[7] There is currently a variety of practice from diocese to diocese, with some remaining closed to the ordination of women as priests, and others welcoming the practice. The province does not permit the ordination of women to the episcopate.
Ecumenical relations
editLike many other Anglican churches, the Church of the Province of West Africa is a member of the ecumenical World Council of Churches.[8]
Anglican realignment
editThe Church of the Province of West Africa was one of the first Anglican provinces to break communion with the Episcopal Church of the United States over the question of allowing the blessing of same-sex unions and non-celibate homosexual clergy. However, the Episcopal Diocese of Liberia continues to maintain full communion and a covenant relationship with The Episcopal Church.[9] The Church of the Province of West Africa has been active in the Anglican realignment as a member of the Global South and the Global Anglican Future Conference. Archbishop Justice Akrofi was a founding Primate of GAFCON in 2008. Archbishop Solomon Tilewa Johnson attended Global Anglican Future Conference (GAFCON II), that took place in Nairobi, Kenya, from 21 to 26 October 2013.[10] Unlike his predecessors, Archbishop Daniel Sarfo was seen as a supporter of "reconciliation" between the conservative and liberal provinces of the Anglican Communion, particularly the Episcopal Church and Anglican Church of Canada, and was involved in several meetings between African and North American bishops.[11] He didn't attended any GAFCON meetings. He still was one of the 11 Primates that attended the 3rd Provincial Assembly of the Anglican Church in North America, in June 2017.[12] He also attended the Global South meeting, in 8–9 September 2017, in Cairo, Egypt, and was one of the signants of their communiqué, with nine other Anglican Primates, including Foley Beach, from the Anglican Church in North America.[13]
The province was represented at GAFCON III, held in Jerusalem, on 17–22 June 2018, by a 13 members delegation, coming from Ghana, Gambia, Guinea and Sierra Leone.[14]
The GAFCON Primates Council announced at their Communiqué, on 6 May 2019, that the Diocese of Sunyani would be developing the official branch of the movement in Ghana, under the leadership of the Bishop Festus Yeboah Asuamah.[15]
Archbishop Jonathan Hart attended the 7th Global South Conference, held in Cairo, Egypt, on 11–12 October 2019.[16] Archbishop Hart opposes the legalisation of same-sex marriage and opposes the blessing of same-sex relationships in churches.[17]
In 2021, the Anglican province received public media attention as well as scrutiny from within the Anglican Communion due the Diocese of Ghana's endorsement of legislation to criminalise LGBTQ advocacy and to increase penalties for same-sex relationships; homosexual sexual relationships are already illegal in Ghana.[18] Archbishop Justin Welby of the Church of England, whose office is one of the instruments of unity within the Anglican Communion, issued a statement rebuking the bishops in Ghana and reiterated his support for LGBTQ civil rights.[19][20] The Church of England's Archbishop of York, Stephen Cottrell, and Bishop of London, Sarah Mullally, also issued statements denouncing the anti-LGBTQ actions of the Ghanaian bishops.[21][22][23]
References
edit- ^ "A new diocese for West Africa". anglicannews.org. Retrieved December 6, 2014.
- ^ Buchanan, Colin. Historical Dictionary of Anglicanism. p. 601.
- ^ ACNS report of the creation of internal metropolitical provinces.
- ^ "WEST AFRICA – CAPA-HQ". Retrieved 2021-11-07.
- ^ "Bishop of Asante Mampong, Dr Cyril Korina Ben-Smith, to become Archbishop of Ghana".
- ^ "Listening in Scripture foundation for listening". anglicanlistening.org. Archived from the original on 2008-07-05. Retrieved 2014-06-05. Detail on how scripture, tradition, and reason work to "uphold and critique each other in a dynamic way".
- ^ "Ghana allows women priests: CEN 6.26.09 p 6". Church of England Newspaper. July 2009. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
- ^ "Church of the Province of West Africa". oikoumene.org. World Council of Churches. 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-01-25. Retrieved 2014-06-05.
- ^ "Episcopal Church Liberia". The Episcopal Church. Retrieved 2021-11-02.
- ^ "Condolences on the death of Archbishop Johnson of West Africa". acl.asn.au. Sydney: Anglican Church League. 2014-01-24. Archived from the original on 2014-01-26. Retrieved 2014-06-05.
- ^ "Bishop describes African-Canadian dialogue as a model for whole Communion, Anglican Ink, 23 June 2017". Archived from the original on 4 January 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
- ^ WHEATON, IL: Thirty Global Anglican Leaders Stand in Solidarity with Anglican Church in North America, Virtue Online, 28 June 2017
- ^ Global South Primates' Communiqué, Global South Anglican, 11 September 2017
- ^ GAFCON III largest pan-Anglican gathering since Toronto Congress of 1963, Anglican Ink, 20 June 2018
- ^ A Communiqué from the Gafcon Primates Council, GAFCON Official Website, 6 May 2019
- ^ "The Seventh Trumpet: Communiqué of the 7th Global South Conference, Cairo 2019, Global South Anglican Official Website, 12 October 2019". Archived from the original on 20 October 2019. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
- ^ Kallsen, Kevin (2014-05-15). "New West African archbishop urges govt to ban gay marriage". Anglican Ink © 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-02.
- ^ AfricaNews (October 2021). "Ghana's law curbing LGBT rights sparks Anglican church rift". Africanews. Archived from the original on 2021-10-29. Retrieved November 2, 2021.
- ^ Staff writer (27 October 2021). "Archbishop 'gravely concerned' by LGBT proposals in Ghana". www.christiantoday.com. Retrieved 2021-11-02.
- ^ "Archbishop of Canterbury 'gravely concerned' by Ghana attack on LGBT+ rights". PinkNews. 2021-10-27. Retrieved 2021-11-02.
- ^ "Archbishop of Canterbury among church leaders 'gravely concerned' by Ghana's anti-LGBT+ bill". uk.news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2021-11-02.
- ^ "UK church leaders criticise Ghanaian bishops for support of anti-LGBTQ+ law". The Guardian. 2021-10-26. Retrieved 2021-11-02.
- ^ "I'm holding Ghana's LGBTQ+ community in my prayers - Archbishop of York". GhanaWeb. 2021-10-30. Retrieved 2021-11-02.
Further reading
edit- Neill, Stephen (1993) [1958]. Anglicanism (Reprint of 1977 4th ed.). New York [u.a.]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195200330.