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Puru (Chinese: 溥儒; August 30, 1896 – November 18, 1963), also known as Pu Xinyu 溥心畬, Xinyu being his courtesy name, and Xishan Yishi 西山逸士 (Hermit of West Mountain), which is his sobriquet, was a traditional Chinese painter, calligrapher and nobleman. A member of the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, the ruling house of the Qing dynasty, he was a cousin to Puyi, the last Emperor of China. It was speculated that Puru would have succeeded to the Chinese throne if Puyi and the Qing government were not overthrown after the 1911 Xinhai Revolution.[1]
Pu Ru | |||||||||
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溥儒 | |||||||||
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| Born | Aisin Gioro Puru (爱新觉罗·溥儒) August 30, 1896 Beijing, Qing dynasty, China | ||||||||
| Died | November 18, 1963 (aged 67) | ||||||||
| Resting place | Yangmingshan No. 1 Public Cemetery | ||||||||
| Education | Royal College of Law and Political Science (贵胄法政学堂), Beijing, 1913 | ||||||||
| Occupation(s) | Painter, professor, politician | ||||||||
| Spouses |
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| Children | 4 | ||||||||
| Relatives | Prince Gong (Grandfather) Puyi (Cousin) | ||||||||
| Family | Aisin Gioro | ||||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||||
| Chinese | 溥儒 | ||||||||
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| Pu Xinyu | |||||||||
| Chinese | 溥心畬 | ||||||||
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Puru was reputed to be as talented as the famous southern artist Zhang Daqian (Chang Ta-ch'ien). Together, they became known as "P'u of the North and Chang of the South."[2]
Puru fled to Taiwan after the Chinese Communist Party came to power, and was appointed by Chiang Kai-shek as a Manchu representative at the National Constituent Assembly. In Taiwan, he made a living selling paintings and calligraphy, teaching as a professor of fine arts at the National Taiwan Normal University, and eventually dying in Taipei.
Biography
editPuru was born in the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan as the second son of Zaiying (載瀅), a son of Prince Gong. His mother was Lady Xiang (項氏), a secondary spouse of Zaiying. Puru received "a strictly traditional education" and spent much of his early years at Jietai Monastery, in Xishan (Western Hills), near Beijing. Being a member of the ruling imperial elite, his family owned a large collection of art works which Puru was able to study as he developed his artistic skills.[3]
Puru was once selected as a potential candidate to succeed the Guangxu Emperor, but his cousin Puyi was chosen instead. After he returned from Europe, he retreated into the Western Mountains, where he spent many years in Jietai Monastery to concentrate on his studies. After the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911, he changed his family name to "Pu".
In 1947, Puru was appointed by Chiang Kai-shek as a Manchu representative at the National Constituent Assembly. He was strongly against Puyi's cooperation with the Empire of Japan. In 1949, when the Chinese Communist Party came to power, Pu fled to Taiwan.[4]
In Taiwan, Puru made a living by selling paintings and calligraphy works during the first months of his arrival in Taipei. He lived in a Japanese-style house on Linyi Street in Taipei that the government provided for him. He was appointed in October 1949 as a professor of fine arts at the National Taiwan Normal University. In 1959, he held a two-week-long art exhibition at the National Museum of History with 318 works on display.
Puru died in 1963 and was buried in the Yangmingshan No. 1 Public Cemetery in Taipei.
Career
editPuru worked at a variety of places during his life. These included Kyoto Imperial University (1928-1928), Peking National College of Art (1934-1949), Republic of China National Assembly Representative (1947-1963), National Taiwan Normal University Art Department (1950-1963), and Tunghai University Art Department (1955-1963).[citation needed]
Family and Issue
edit- Father: Zaiying (載瀅; 1861 - 1909), second son of Prince Gong (sixth son of the Daoguang Emperor).
- Mother: Lady Xiang (項氏), a secondary spouse of Zaiying.
- Spouses:
- Luo Qingyuan (羅清媛)
- Li Moyun (李墨雲)
- Children:
- Pu Yuli (毓岦), Puru's eldest son.
- Pu Yucen (毓岑), Puru's second son.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "溥儒 (溥心畬) - 享譽國際的中國書畫大師 Pu Ru (Pu Hsin-Yu) - Chinese Poet, Calligraphy & Painting Master". www.art-virtue.com. Retrieved 2020-08-24.
- ^ "From the Dynasty of Old: A Special Exhibition of the Art of P'u Hsin-yu". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-12-17.
- ^ The Last Stroke of Literati Painting - A Special Exhibition of Painting and Calligraphy by Pu Hsin-yu (in Chinese and English). Taipei, Taiwan: National Palace Museum. 2021. ISBN 978-957-562-848-2.
- ^ "Term details". British Museum. Retrieved 2019-09-24.
Sources
editExternal links
edit- Comprehensive Biography of Pu Ru
- Pu Ru Paintings and Calligraphy Exhibition
- Poems and writings of Pu Ru
- Catalog of Pu Ru's painting collection
- Chinese calligraphy painting master 溥心畬 Pu Hsin-Yu 1/5 on YouTube
- Straddling East and West: Lin Yutang, a modern literatus: the Lin Yutang family collection of Chinese painting and calligraphy, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Puru (see table of contents)