RAF Doncaster

RAF Doncaster
RAF Doncaster
Doncaster, South Yorkshire in England
	RAF Doncaster Shown within South Yorkshire RAF Doncaster RAF Doncaster (the United Kingdom)
Coordinates	53°30′50″N 001°06′36″W / 53.51389°N 1.11000°W
Type	Royal Air Force satellite station
Site information
Owner	Air Ministry
Operator	Royal Air Force
Controlled by	RAF Bomber Command; * No. 93 Group RAF
Site history
Built	1916
In use	January 1916 – 1954
Battles/wars	First World War; European theatre of World War II
Airfield information
Elevation	8 metres (26 ft) AMSL
Runways
05/23	825 metres (2,707 ft) Grass
00/00	Grass
00/00	Sommerfeld Tracking

Royal Air Force Doncaster or more simply RAF Doncaster, also referred to as Doncaster Aerodrome, is a former Royal Air Force satellite station near Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England.

The first Aviation meeting in England

In 1909, Doncaster and specifically Doncaster Racecourse was chosen as the venue for an airshow, after the world's first international air display in Rheims in 1908.^[2] Around a dozen aviators were present, the most famous being Léon Delagrange, and Roger Sommer. Samuel Cody in an attempt to win a prize offered by The Daily Mail for the first British pilot in a British aeroplane to fly a circular mile signed British naturalisation papers in front of the crowd with the band playing both the Star Spangled Banner and the National Anthem. Unfortunately, he crashed his airplane on the first day of the meeting and made no significant flights.^[3]

Artist Dudley Hardy drew caricatures of participating flyers, Captain Sir Walter Windham, Léon Delagrange, Hubert Le Blon, Louis Schreck, Roger Sommer and Samuel Cody, for the show's souvenir programme, together with Wilbur Wright and Louis Bleriot, who did not participate.^[4]

First World War

During the First World War Royal Flying Corps fighters were first based at Doncaster Racecourse, then at a temporary airstrip near Finningley (later RAF Finningley and now Doncaster Sheffield Airport) and finally in 1916, at a newly built airfield beside the racecourse.^[5] This station had 3 main flight sheds on the flight line with support buildings behind backing onto Grand Stand Road. Station fighters were deployed to defend the east coast against Zeppelins, and used in the training of pilots for the war in France. Within months of the war ending the entire station was put up for sale and two of its three Belfast hangars, (the same type of hangar forming the basis for the Royal Air Force Museum at Hendon), were sold to a Sheffield motor manufacturing company for storage and assembly at Finningley. One-third of the hangars stayed in place, mainly housing buses, until the 1970s when they were demolished and replaced with modern, non-aerodrome related buildings.^[6]

Aircraft

The following aircraft were stationed at RAF Doncaster throughout the period 1916-1919

Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2c
- 1916–1919
Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5a
- 1916–1919
Avro 504K
- 1916–1919
Sopwith Cuckoo
- 1917–1919

Aviation Centre

In 1920 the Government asked local authorities to assist in the formation of a chain of airfields so that the country would not lag behind other nations in the provision of civil air services. Consequently, on 26 May 1934, Doncaster, with advice from Alan Cobham, opened an Aviation Centre.^[7] Development of the airfield continued and on 1 July 1936 an international service was open to Amsterdam.^[8]

On 18 November 1938, after discussions with the Air Ministry, No. 616 Squadron RAF of the Auxiliary Air Force was formed. Shortly after the outbreak of war in 1939 the Squadron took part in the Battle of Britain.^[9] It was the first to be equipped with the Gloster Meteor in 1944. After the departure of 616 Squadron, the station was left with No. 271 Squadron RAF, composed mainly of requisitioned civilian aircraft and obsolete twin-engined bombers. It was re-equipped with Douglas Dakotas after which it was re-based in Southern England to take part in Operation Overlord. For his actions during the Squadron's part in the airborne invasion at Arnhem, Flight Lieutenant David Lord was awarded a posthumous Victoria Cross.^[10]

Units

The following units were here at some point:^[11]

No. 7 Squadron RAF
No. 9 Reserve Flying School RAF (November 1947 – June 1954)^[12]
No. 18 Operational Training Unit RAF (June 1943)^[13]
No. 24 Gliding School RAF (February 1948 – March 1951)^[14]
No. 29 Gliding School RAF (May 1946 – March 1948)^[15]}
No. 47 Elementary and Reserve Flying Training School RAF (July – September 1939)^[16]
Detachment of No. 91 (Forward) Staging Post (January – February 1944)^[17]
No. 92 (Forward) Staging Post (January 1944)^[17]
No. 169 Squadron RAF
No. 271 Squadron RAF
No. 613 Squadron RAF
No. 658 Squadron RAF
809 Naval Air Squadron
No. 2763 Squadron RAF Regiment
Dakota Modification Centre (March – October 1944)^[18]
Sparrow (Ambulance) Flight (August 1943 – June 1944)^[19]
Squadron & Flight Commanders School (July – November 1945)^[20]

Post Second World War

After the war, the airfield reverted to civilian flying and finally closed in 1992.^[21] The last original RAF buildings on the airfield now house the South Yorkshire Aircraft Museum (formerly known as AeroVenture)^[22] and the Yorkshire Helicopter Preservation Group.^[23]

References

Citations

^ ^a ^b ^c Falconer 2012, p. 82.
^ Delve 2006, p. 104.
^ "'Bleriot plane' wings way to museum". The South Yorkshire Star. 21 November 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
^ Dudley Hardy: "Doncaster Aviation Meeting Souvenir Programme" Science and Society Picture Library; retrieved 18 April 2011
^ Chorlton, Martyn (2014). Forgotten aerodromes of World War I : British military aerodromes, seaplane stations, flying-boat and airship stations to 1920. Manchester: Crecy. p. 191. ISBN 9780859791816.
^ Abraham, Barry (2002). Post-War Yorkshire Airfields. Stroud: Tempus. pp. 120–121. ISBN 0-7524-2390-8.
^ "Doncaster's Airport Opened". Flight Magazine. 26 (1, 327). London: Royal Aero Club: 544. 31 May 1934. ISSN 0015-3710.
^ "Liverpool-Doncaster-Amsterdam". Flight Magazine. 30 (1, 437). London: Royal Aero Club: 62. 9 July 1936. ISSN 0015-3710.
^ Jefford 1988, p. 101.
^ Delve 2006, p. 107.
^ "Doncaster IV". Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
^ Sturtivant, Hamlin & Halley 1997, p. 263.
^ Sturtivant, Hamlin & Halley 1997, p. 236.
^ Sturtivant, Hamlin & Halley 1997, p. 163.
^ Sturtivant, Hamlin & Halley 1997, p. 64.
^ Sturtivant, Hamlin & Halley 1997, p. 111.
^ ^a ^b Sturtivant, Hamlin & Halley 1997, p. 279.
^ Sturtivant, Hamlin & Halley 1997, p. 102.
^ Sturtivant, Hamlin & Halley 1997, p. 273.
^ Sturtivant, Hamlin & Halley 1997, p. 276.
^ RAF Doncaster Archived 30 December 2006 at the Wayback Machine wartimememories.co.uk; retrieved 18 April 2011
^ AeroVenture South Yorkshire Aircraft Museum; retrieved 18 April 2011
^ Yorkshire Helicopter Preservation Group; retrieved 18 April 2011

Bibliography

Delve, Ken (2006). The military airfields of Northern England – County Durham, Cumbria, Isle of Man, Lancashire, Merseyside, Manchester, Northumberland, Tyne & Wear, Yorkshire. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Crowood Press. ISBN 1-86126-809-2.
Falconer, J. (2012). RAF Airfields of World War 2. UK: Ian Allan Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85780-349-5.
Halpenny, Bruce. Action Stations 2; Military airfields of Lincolnshire and East Midlands. Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK: Patrick Stephen Publishing, 1981. ISBN 0-85059-484-7.
Halpenny, Bruce. Action Stations 4; Military airfields of Yorkshire. Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK: Patrick Stephen Publishing, 1982. ISBN 0-85059-532-0.
Jefford, C. G. (1988). RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive Record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury: Airlife Publishing. ISBN 1-84037-141-2.
Sturtivant, R.; Hamlin, J.; Halley, J. (1997). Royal Air Force flying training and support units. UK: Air-Britain (Historians). ISBN 0-85130-252-1.