Rabbitpox is a disease of rabbits caused by a virus of the genus Orthopoxvirus in the family Poxviridae,[1] and closely related to vaccinia virus.[2] Rabbitpox was first isolated at the Rockefeller Institute in New York in 1933, following a series of epidemics in the laboratory rabbits.[3] It is an acute disease only known to infect laboratory rabbits as no cases have been reported in wild rabbits; it cannot infect humans.[4]
| Rabbitpox virus | |
|---|---|
Virus classification 
| |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Varidnaviria |
| Kingdom: | Bamfordvirae |
| Phylum: | Nucleocytoviricota |
| Class: | Pokkesviricetes |
| Order: | Chitovirales |
| Family: | Poxviridae |
| Genus: | Orthopoxvirus |
| Species: | |
| Virus: | Rabbitpox virus
|
History
editRabbitpox has not been recognised in wild rabbits, however a few outbreaks have been reported in the USA since 1930.[5]
Symptoms
edit- Pox lesions may or may not be present on the skin.
- Most rabbits develop a fever and nasal discharge.
- The mortality varies but is always high.
- The most characteristic lesions seen at necropsy are a skin rash, subcutaneous edema, and edema of the mouth and other body openings.
Infection
editRabbitpox virus is a highly infectious airborne agent, which spreads very rapidly through laboratories which contain rabbits causing a high rate of mortality. Because of the edematous condition, “poxless” rabbitpox may be confused with myxomatosis. The virus may be isolated or the infection diagnosed serologically by methods appropriate to vaccinia. Rabbitpox virus is closely related immunologically to vaccinia virus, consequently rabbits that have been inoculated with the smallpox (vaccinia virus) vaccine have immunity against rabbitpox.
Danger to humans
editRabbitpox virus does not infect humans.
References
edit- ^ "Medical Dictionary - 'rabbitpox virus'". mediLexicon. Retrieved 2007-04-03.
- ^ Adams MM, Rice AD, Moyer RW (October 2007). "Rabbitpox virus and vaccinia virus infection of rabbits as a model for human smallpox". Journal of Virology. 81 (20): 11084–95. doi:10.1128/JVI.00423-07. PMC 2045566. PMID 17686856.
- ^ C. Upton; Chen, N; Roper, RL; Feng, Z; Hunter, A; Danila, M; Lefkowitz, EJ; Buller, RM; Upton, C (August 12, 2005). "Complete coding sequences of the rabbitpox virus genome" (PDF). Journal of General Virology. 86 (Pt 11): 2969–2977. doi:10.1099/vir.0.81331-0. PMID 16227218. Retrieved 2007-04-03.
- ^ "Rabbitpox". The Merck Veterinary Manual. Retrieved 2007-04-03.
- ^ Merck Veterinary Manual